孤独症者的预测编码缺陷:前馈联结异常还是反馈联结异常?  

Predictive coding deficits in autism:Abnormalities in feedback or feedforward connectivities?

作　　者：荆伟[1] 陈琦 薛云卿 杨苗 张婕[2] JING Wei;CHEN Qi;XUE Yun Qing;YANG Miao;ZHANG Jie(College of Education,Shaanxi Normal University,Xi’an 710062,China;Xi’an Children’s Hospital,Xi’an 710002,China)

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学教育学部,西安710062 [2]西安市儿童医院,西安710002

出　　处：《心理科学进展》2024年第5期813-833,共21页Advances in Psychological Science

基　　金：2023年度国家社会科学基金教育学一般项目(项目编号:BBA230067)资助。

摘　　要：依据预测编码理论,研究者提出预测缺陷是孤独症谱系障碍(Autism Spectrum Disorder,ASD)个体感知运动、认知学习和社交言语等多领域缺陷的基础,即孤独症的预测缺陷假说(Predictive Impairment inAutism,PIA)。在PIA中,研究者基于贝叶斯和层级性推理分别提出“低先验”和“高且不灵活的预测误差精度”两个假说,然而上述假说并未得到一致证据支持。ASD个体在不同领域中不同先验的相对权重并非普遍降低,而是具有广泛的任务或情境敏感性。关于ASD个体是否具备基于环境波动调节预测误差精度的能力,也尚存分歧。此外,关于其潜在机制,是神经调节系统异常导致的自下而上前馈联结异常,还是预测脑区功能异常导致的自上而下反馈联结异常,尚无定论。由此可见,虽然该理论为ASD提供了统一的解释框架,但仍需更多研究证据进行修正和完善,以期为早期筛查和诊断、治疗和教育实践提供指导。Based on predictive coding theories,researchers have proposed that prediction deficits underlie the multi-domain deficits in perceptual-motor,cognitive-learning,and social-verbal domains in individuals with autism spectrum disorder(ASD),i.e.,the Predictive Impairment in Autism(PIA)hypothesis.In PIA,researchers have proposed these hypotheses of“Hypo-Prior”and“High and Inflexible Precision of Prediction Errors in Autism”based on Bayesian and hierarchical inferences.However,there is no consistent evidence in favor of these hypotheses.The relative weights of different priors in different domains are not universally reduced but have a wide range of task or context sensitivity in ASD.The literature provides mixed results regarding whether individuals with ASD can modulate prediction error precision based on environmental volatilities.In addition,there is inconclusive information about the underlying mechanism,whether it is an abnormality in bottom-up feedforward connectivity due to alterations in the neuromodulatory systems or impairment in top-down feedback connectivity due to alterations in the functioning of predictive brain regions.Although the theory provides a credible and unified explanatory framework for ASD,it needs more research evidence for revision and refinement to guide early screening,diagnosis,treatment,and educational practices for ASD.

关 键 词：孤独症谱系障碍 预测编码 先验信念 感官输入 前馈/反馈联结 

分 类 号：B845[哲学宗教—心理学]