科技创新畅通国民经济循环的政治经济学分析  

A Political Economy Analysis on the Scientific and Technological Innovation to Smooth the National Economic Circulation

作　　者：江剑平[1,2,3] 周文超 刘长庚 Jiang Jianping;Zhou Wenchao;Liu Changgeng(the Business School,Xiangtan University;Socialist Economic Theory Research Center,Xiangtan University;Hunan University of Finance and Economics)

机构地区：[1]湘潭大学商学院 [2]湘潭大学社会主义经济理论研究中心 [3]湘潭大学经济系 [4]湖南财政经济学院

出　　处：《政治经济学评论》2024年第1期19-45,共27页China Review of Political Economy

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“我国劳动收入份额的变化趋势及新时期的对策研究”(18ZDA065);国家社科基金一般项目“稳增长与防风险双目标下国有企业跨周期调节机制研究”(23BJL068);湖南省教育厅重点项目“科技创新畅通国民经济循环的政治经济学研究”(22A0083);湖南省哲学社会科学基金一般项目“国有企业在推进共同富裕中的先导作用研究”(22YBA074)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：加快科技创新是构建新发展格局的需要。科技创新能力不够强导致某些关键核心技术受制于人、中高端产品供给不足、产业在外循环中的中低端锁定等是国民经济循环不畅的重要原因。国民经济循环是以单个资本循环为核心的微观经济循环与以社会总产品的实现为核心的宏观经济循环的有机统一。科技创新能在微观层面保障产业资本的三种形态在空间上并存、时间上继起,保持产业链供应链的完整性、稳定性、连续性,同时不断提升产业的价值链地位;能在宏观层面保障社会再生产中各种生产要素组合在生产、分配、流通、消费各环节有机衔接,既实现社会总产品的循环流转,又持续提高循环的质量和水平。要更好发挥科技创新在畅通国民经济循环中的战略支撑作用,一是推动产业链外循环中风险系数高的关键核心技术突破,保障重点产业链供应链不断链;二是围绕重点产业链布局创新链,发挥行业龙头企业在科技创新中的头雁作用,提升供给体系对国内需求的适配性;三是围绕创新链布局产业链,培育中国经济新的增长点,打造国际竞争新优势。Accelerating scientific and technological innovation is the need to build a new development pattern.Due to insufficient technological innovation capabilities,certain key core technologies are constrained by others,the supply of mid-end and high-end products is insufficient,and industries are locked in the mid-end and low-end of the external circulation,which are important reasons for the poor circulation of the national economy.The national economic circulation is the organic unity of a microeconomic circulation centered on a single capital circulation and a macroeconomic circulation centered on the realization of total social products.Scientific and technological innovation can ensure that the three forms of industrial capital coexist in space and continue over time at the micro level,maintaining the integrity,stability,and continuity of the industrial and supply chains,while continuously promoting the position of the industry on value chain.At the macro level,it can ensure the organic connection of various production factor combinations in production,distribution,circulation,and consumption in social reproduction,achieving the circulation of total social products and continuously improving the quality and level of circulation.To better leverage the strategic support role of scientific and technological innovation in smoothing the national economy circulation,we should firstly promote breakthroughs in key core technologies with high-risk coefficients in the external circulation of the industrial chain,and ensure the continuous supply chain of key industrial chains.Secondly,we should layout innovation chains around key industrial chains,leverage the leading role of leading enterprises in technological innovation,and enhance the adaptability of the supply system to domestic demand.Thirdly,we should layout industrial chains around innovation chains,cultivate new growth points for the Chinese economy,and create new international competitive advantages.

关 键 词：科技创新 国民经济循环 新发展格局 资本循环 社会再生产 

分 类 号：F124.3[经济管理—世界经济]