社会水循环碳排放综合测算模型——以黄河流域为例  

Integrated carbon emission measurement model for the social water cycle:Taking the Yellow River Basin as an example

作　　者：李嘉欣 朱永楠[2] 彭少明 赵勇[2] 李海红[2] 姜珊[2] LI Jiaxin;ZHU Yongnan;PENG Shaoming;ZHAO Yong;LI Haihong;JIANG Shan(School of Water Conservancy and Transportation,Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou 450001,China;State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin,China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100038,China;China Renewable Energy Engineering Institute,Beijing 100120,China)

机构地区：[1]郑州大学水利与交通学院,郑州450001 [2]中国水利水电科学研究院流域水循环模拟与调控国家重点实验室,北京100038 [3]水利水电规划设计总院,北京100120

出　　处：《清华大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第4期626-637,共12页Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Technology)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(52009141,52109042)。

摘　　要：社会水循环是能源消耗和碳排放的密集区,深入研究其各个环节的能耗和碳排放空间分布及强度特征对实现双碳目标至关重要。该研究基于生命周期评价方法,构建社会水循环碳核算体系及碳排放综合测算模型,以黄河流域66个地市(州)为例,估算社会水循环全生命周期能源消耗和碳排放。研究发现:2017年黄河流域下游地区的单位面积碳排放量最大,约是上游地区的7.4倍;在取水、供水、用水、排水四大环节中,用水环节碳排放量最大,其中居民生活用水的碳排放量最大,占用水环节碳排放的59.7%,占社会水循环总碳排放的54.7%,是社会水循环碳减排的重点环节;黄河流域社会水循环各环节碳排放强度依次为:用水>排水>供水>取水。针对碳减排重点区域和环节,提出了社会水循环节能降碳的建议。[Objective]As the global community moves toward carbon peak and carbon neutrality targets,the issue of carbon emissions related to water resources has emerged as a significant area of research.The social water cycle,characterized by intensive energy consumption and carbon emission,plays a pivotal role in this context.Factors such as water-related energy usage and efficiency directly affect the economy and carbon emissions of a society.Consequently,reducing carbon emissions during the social water cycle process has become a vital strategy in curbing greenhouse gas emissions.Therefore,it is crucial to accurately assess the energy consumption and carbon emissions throughout the entire social water cycle process and thoroughly understand the spatial distribution and intensity characteristics of energy consumption and carbon emissions at each stage.This study aims to identify key factors for energy saving and emission reduction within the social water cycle.[Methods]Using the life cycle assessment method,we first constructed a life cycle carbon accounting system for the social water cycle system,including four major segments:water withdrawal,supply,use,and drainage.We then established a comprehensive measurement model for social water cycle carbon emissions based on a distributed geographic model.Using the Yellow River Basin as an example,we calculated the energy consumption and carbon emissions of the social water cycle over the entire life cycle of the basin in 2017 and studied their spatial distribution characteristics.This provided a simulation method and scientific basis for establishing a more sustainable,low-carbon social water cycle.[Results]Our findings revealed that in 2017,the downstream area of the Yellow River Basin had the highest amount of carbon emissions per unit area,i.e.,approximately 7.4 times higher than that in the upstream area.Among the four major segments,the water use segment had the highest amount of carbon emissions.In particular,residential water use accounted for 59.7%of the carbon emissi

关 键 词：社会水循环 生命周期 碳足迹 黄河流域 

分 类 号：X511[环境科学与工程—环境工程]