王宠惠的废约思想及其实践  

Wang Chonghui on Abrogating Unequal Treaties:Thought and Practice

作　　者：孙阳 Sun Yang

机构地区：[1]湖南师范大学历史文化学院,长沙410081

出　　处：《中国国家博物馆馆刊》2024年第3期118-128,共11页Journal of National Museum of China

基　　金：2023年湖南省研究生科研创新项目“民国时期职业外交家群体的条约观研究”(项目批准号:CX20230511)。

摘　　要：民国时期,受主客观多种因素的共同影响,王宠惠逐渐形成了独具特色的废约思想。王宠惠认为,对于旧约要予以承认和遵守,对国际公法要严格遵循。由于不平等条约存在诸多弊害,并严重损害了中国的权益,他提出要通过多种有效途径进行废除。为了实现废约目标,王宠惠积极参加国民外交运动,与西方列强交涉领事裁判权,促成中英新约顺利签订,在废除不平等条约的过程中发挥了重要作用。在与西方列强的交涉中,王宠惠采取了较为强硬的态度,迫使西方列强做出一定程度的让步,使中国收回了部分权益。但由于受诸多历史因素的限制,他的废约思想及实践也存在对帝国主义列强妥协和抱有幻想等不足之处。Wang Chonghui formed his distinct thought on abrogating China's unequal treaties during the Republic of China period.He believed that existing treaties should be acknowledged and complied with,and international laws should be strictly obeyed;but unequal treaties,which seriously harmed China's rights,must be abrogated in effective ways.To achieve this goal,Wang actively participated in the National Diplomatic Movement,negotiated consular jurisdiction with Western powers,and mediated the signing of the Sino-British New Equal Treaty.Wang adopted an intransigent attitude while negotiating with Western powers,by forcing them to make certain concessions and reclaiming some of China's rights.However,due to historical constraints,his thought and practice had some shortcomings,as he made compromises with imperialist powers and had unrealistic illusions about them.

关 键 词：王宠惠 废约思想 实践活动 不平等条约 国际法 

分 类 号：D99[政治法律—国际法学] D829[政治法律—法学] K25[历史地理—历史学]