自然和人为干扰因素对黄土高原生态环境质量变化的影响  

Effects of natural and human disturbance factors on ecological environmental quality changes in the Loess Plateau

作　　者：牛鸿波 田少国 祖鹏举 曹满红 曲少东 董起广 李冰倩 姜泽玉 毕银丽 刘英[4,5] 岳辉[4,5] NIU Hongbo;TIAN Shaoguo;ZU Pengju;CAO Manhong;QU Shaodong;DONG Qiguang;LI Bingqian;JIANG Zeyu;BI Yinli;LIU Ying;YUE Hui(Shannxi Coalbed Methane Development Co.,Ltd.,Xi'an 710119,China;Shaanxi Ecological Industry Co.,Ltd.,Xi'an 710061,China;College of Geology and Environment,Xi'an University of Science and Technology,Xi'an 710054,China;College of Geomatics,Xi'an University of Science and Technology,Xi'an 710054,China;Institute of Ecological Environment Restoration in Mine Areas of West China,Xi'an University of Science and Technology,Xi'an 710054,China)

机构地区：[1]陕西省煤层气开发利用有限公司,陕西西安710119 [2]陕西生态产业有限公司,陕西西安710061 [3]西安科技大学地质与环境学院,陕西西安710054 [4]西安科技大学测绘科学与技术学院,陕西西安710054 [5]西安科技大学西部矿山生态环境修复研究院,陕西西安710054

出　　处：《煤炭工程》2024年第3期157-166,共10页Coal Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFF1303300);陕西煤业化工集团科研项目(2022SMHKJ-B-J-54)。

摘　　要：为了识别自然和人为干扰因素对黄土高原生态环境质量变化的影响,以黄土高原为研究区,基于GEE平台和MODIS数据获取区域内2003-2022年的遥感生态指数(RSEI),利用随机森林识别自然因素和人为干扰因素对RSEI变化的驱动作用。结果表明:近20年内,(1)黄土高原的生态环境质量轻微改善,以0.002/a的速率增加,且生态环境质量空间分布总体呈由东南向西北递减的趋势,空间分布异质性较大,整体表现为良;蒙陕矿区和山西矿区大部分区域,以及黄陇矿区和宁东矿区的生态环境质量改善较为明显,占比分别为40.5%、25.7%、14.6%和19.9%,山西矿区和豫西矿区部分区域退化较为明显,占比分别为5.4%和34.3%。(2)黄土高原气温降低和升高区域分别占比46.3%和13.3%,而92.7%区域的降水不变;63.1%的土壤水、58.4%的地表径流和96.6%区域的地下水储量增加;98.5%区域的GDP增加,62.7%和20.9%区域的人口增加和降低,近70%的土地利用类型基本不变,其余区域的地物类型相互转换。(3)黄土高原RSEI改善区域主要受地表径流(占比39.8%)、地下水储量(15.7%)、GDP(13.4%)和气温(12.4%)的影响,退化区域主要受GDP(22.2%)、地表径流(21.3%)、地下水储量(16.4%)、气温(12.5%)和夜间灯光(10.5%)的影响;其次,RSEI改善的煤炭基地主要受地表径流和GDP的影响,退化的煤炭基地受GDP、夜间灯光、地下水储量和气温因素主导。综上所述,近20年内黄土高原生态环境得到改善,生态环境质量变化主要受地下水储量、地表径流、气温、夜间灯光、人口和GDP的影响。The Loess Plateau is a typical ecologically sensitive area,which is easily affected by natural and human activities.It is necessary to identify the influence of natural and human disturbance factors on the change of ecological environment quality on the Loess Plateau.Therefore,we took the Loess Plateau as the research area,and based on the GEE platform and RSEI from 2003 to 2022 in the MODIS data acquisition area,random forests were used to identify the drivers of RSEI changes by natural factors and anthropogenic disturbances.The results show that:In the past 20 years,(1)the ecological environment quality of the Loess Plateau improved slightly,increasing at a rate of 0.002/a,and the spatial distribution of ecological environment quality decreased from southeast to northwest,with large spatial distribution heterogeneity,and the overall performance was good.Most areas of Mengshan coal base and Shanxi coal base.The ecological environment quality of Huanglong coal base and Ningdong coal base is improved significantly,accounting for 40.5%,25.7%,14.6%and 19.9%,respectively.The degradation of some areas of Shanxi coal base and western Henan coal base is more obvious,accounting for 5.4%and 34.3%respectively.(2)In the Loess Plateau,the regions with decreasing and increasing temperature accounted for 46.3%and 13.3%respectively,the potential evapotranspiration decreased in 55.9%of the regions,and the precipitation remained unchanged in 92.7%of the regions.63.1%of soil water,58.4%of surface runoff and 96.6%of groundwater reserves increased,while the remaining areas remained unchanged.The GDP increased in 98.5%of the regions,the population increased and decreased in 62.7%and 20.9%of the regions,the night light decreased in the areas with high population density(23.3%),and the night light increased in the areas with low population density(51.1%);Nearly 70%of the land use types are basically unchanged,and the rest of the land features are converted to each other.(3)The RSEI improvement area of the Loess Plateau was mainly affec

关 键 词：黄土高原 生态环境 煤矿区 随机森林 驱动因子 

分 类 号：X82[环境科学与工程—环境工程]