论《大武》《武》《武宿夜》乐舞之不同  

On the Difference of the Music-Dance in Dawu, Wu and Wu Su Ye

作　　者：曹胜高 Cao Shenggao

机构地区：[1]广东外语外贸大学中文学院,广东广州510420

出　　处：《南京师范大学文学院学报》2024年第1期12-21,共10页Journal of School of Chinese Language and Culture Nanjing Normal University

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“中国音乐文学通史”(17ZDA241)。

摘　　要：《武》与《大武》的关系,自《诗小序》将二者合而论之,后世经解常将二者混同,虽有诸多讨论《大武乐章》,却皆未能定诂。若从舞蹈史角度观察,《大武》流传于秦汉魏晋间,用于宗庙祭祀,皆有舞无歌。早期文献所载之《武》,为天子、诸侯通用之乐,以六成为制,以象武德。《大武》为天子礼乐,以九变为乐制,以象周道。《白虎通》言周公合《酌》《象》为《大武》,故《武》与《大武》绝非同一乐舞。周宗庙祭祀的《武宿夜》,用于乐皇尸仪式,当为文王所作武乐。三者分别作于成王、武王、文王时,其用乐规格不同、舞蹈体制有别、施用礼仪各异,是三个不同的舞蹈。The relationship between Wu and Da Wu has often been confused by later interpretation since the Little Preface of the Book of Songs discussed them together.Although there are many discussions on the Music Chapter of Da Wu,it has never been clearly defined.From the perspective of dance history,Da Wu was spread all though the Qin,Han,Wei and Jin dynasties and used for worship in the temple,all of which had only dance music but no songs.The Wu recorded in the early literature is the general music of the Emperor and the princes and Vassal kings.Da Wu is the ritual music for the Emperor's,with nine variation to imitate the Way of Zhou.Bai Hu Tong said that the Duke of Zhou combined Zhuo and Xiang as Da Wu,so Wu and Da Wu are not the same music-dance.The Wu Su Ye of the sacrificial rites of the Zhou Temple was used in the ceremony of the emperor’s ancestor worship ceremony,and was made by King Wen.The three music-dances are made in King Cheng,King Wu and King Wen periods respectively,their music specifications,dance systems the application of etiquettes are all different,they are three different dances.

关 键 词：《大武》 无歌辞 《武》 《武宿夜》 乐舞 乐制 

分 类 号：I206.2[文学—中国文学]