仗剑斩龙的诗人们——中唐诗歌中的龙神与祭祀  

Poets Who Chop Dragons with Swords:Dragon Gods and Sacrifices in Poetry of Mid-Tang Dynasty

作　　者：谷口高志 陈文辉(译) Taniguchi Takashi;Chen Wenhui

机构地区：[1]日本佐贺大学教育系,佐贺县佐贺8408502 [2]吉林外国语大学国际传媒学院,吉林长春130117

出　　处：《南京师范大学文学院学报》2024年第1期144-166,共23页Journal of School of Chinese Language and Culture Nanjing Normal University

基　　金：日本文部省科研项目【JSPS 15K02436(代表高橋文治)】以及【18K00356】项目的階段性成果。

摘　　要：随着佛教的渗透,在唐代,特别是中唐前后“河伯”被龙神代替,民间的龙神祭祀开始出现在诗文作品中,但其祭祀被定位为“淫祀”的一种。白居易和韩愈在《黑潭龙》《题炭谷湫祠堂》中将龙神的淫祀问题与奸臣、天子权威问题相关联,从中能够看出中唐时期诗人们的危机感和问题意识。而从盛唐到中唐,“代表国家安宁的龙”的象征性的崩坍,在杜甫的《奉同郭给事汤东灵湫作》诗作中可以看到。中唐时期洞庭湖水域作为非祭祀对象的恶龙等妖物的栖息地,频繁地出现在士人们的诗文中。水界的混乱,成为士人们心中世界秩序混乱的类比,进而与现实中的奸臣、朝廷权威问题相重合,激发了诗人们“斩龙”“驱龙”的愿望。概而言之,中唐时期诗人们出于自己官僚身份的自我认知以及对朝廷、世界的责任感和自负心,对危及朝廷的淫祀、恶龙等的存在产生了危机感和焦躁感,这种问题意识促使他们将其表现在了诗文作品中。With the infiltration of Buddhism,in the Tang Dynasty,especially around the middle Tang Dynasty,“the God of River”was replaced by the dragon God,and the folk dragon God sacrifice began to appear in poetry and literary works,but its sacrifice was positioned as a kind of“excessive sacrifice”.Bai Juyi and Han Yu in their works“Gragon in Black Abyss”and“Inscription for Tanguqiu Ancestral Hall”relate the problem of excessive sacrifice for the dragon god with the problem of the authority of the treacherous minister and the Emperor,from which we can see the sense of crisis and problem consciousness of the poets in the Middle Tang Dynasty.From the prosperous Tang Dynasty to the Middle Tang Dynasty,the symbolic collapse of“the dragon representing the country's peace”can be seen in one of Du Fu's poems.At the same time,the Dongting Lake area as the habitat of the evil dragons,which was not the object of sacrifice,appeared frequently in the poems of scholars in the Middle Tang Dynasty.The chaos in the water realm became an analogy of the chaos in the world order in the minds of scholars,and then coincided with the real problem of treacherous officials and the authority of the court,which inspired the poets'desire to“kill the dragons”and“drive away the dragons”.In a word,the poets in the Middle Tang Dynasty had a sense of crisis and anxiety about the existence of excessive sacrifices and evil dragons that threatened the imperial court due to their self-recognition of their bureaucratic status and their sense of responsibility and self-pride towards the court and the world,which prompted them to express these problems in their poems and prose works.

关 键 词：龙神祭祀 淫祀 白居易 韩愈 

分 类 号：I206.2[文学—中国文学]