基于生境分析的于桥水库鱼类群落结构及多样性时空分布  

Temporal-spatial Distribution of Fish Community Structure and Diversity in Yuqiao ReservoirBased on Habitat Analysis

作　　者：纪翔 张闫涛 叶少文[2] 杨洁[4] 张堂林[2] 姚维志[1] 何文平[1] JI Xiang;ZHANG Yantao;YE Shaowen;YANG Jie;ZHANG Tanglin;YAO Weizhi;HE Wenping(College of Fisheries,Southwest University/Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development(Ministry of Education),Chongqing 400715,China;Institute of Hydrobiology,Chinese Academy of Sciences/State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology,Wuhan 430072,China;College of Fisheries and Life Science,Dalian Ocean University,Dalian Liaoning 116023,China;Tianjin Academy of Hydro Science,Tianjin 300061,China)

机构地区：[1]西南大学水产学院/淡水鱼类资源与生殖发育教育部重点实验室,重庆400715 [2]中国科学院水生生物研究所/淡水生态与生物技术国家重点实验室,武汉430072 [3]大连海洋大学水产与生命学院,辽宁大连116023 [4]天津市水利科学研究院,天津300061

出　　处：《西南大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第5期99-110,共12页Journal of Southwest University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(32071651);天津市水务局科技计划项目(TJRD-2020-B-0142);国家重点研发计划课题(2020YFD0900502);重庆市自然科学基金面上项目(cstc2020jcyj-msxmX0438).

摘　　要：为掌握华北地区典型水库于桥水库的鱼类组成现状及群落时空动态,为该类水体的生物操纵尤其是小型鱼类的生态调控提供基础资料和科学依据,于2020-2021年中4个季度在天津于桥水库选取7个区域,每个区域从沿岸带到敞水区布设4~5个采样点,涵盖主要生境类型,使用多网目刺网和地笼对各采样点的鱼类群落进行采样,对获得的数据进行优势种、物种多样性、群落结构时空变化分析.调查显示:本次共采集鱼类16 321尾,隶属3目9科26属29种;按相对重要性指数排序,全年优势种为似鱎、鲫、■和红鳍原鲌;秋季鱼类物种多样性显著高于其他季节,荇菜生境(H3)及穗状狐尾藻生境(H1)的物种多样性高于其他生境. PCoA及PERMANOVA检验显示各季节之间及生境之间的小型鱼类群落结构差异有统计学意义;SIMPER分析表明造成群落结构季节及生境差异的主要贡献种为小型鱼类.结果表明于桥水库当前鱼类群落结构较为简单,物种多样性较低,鱼类小型化程度较高.This study chose seven areas from whole Yuqiao reservoir in four seasons from 2020 to 2021 to set up four to five sampling sites for each area from the coastal zone to open water area to conduct the study in order to understand the current fish composition and spatial and temporal community dynamics of this typical reservoir in North China.The fish community at each sampling site was sampled using multi-mesh gillnets and ground cages to collect the data for analyzing the dominant species,species diversity,and temporal-spatial changes in community structure.The findings revealed that a total of 16321 fish,representing 3 orders,9 families,26 genera,and 29 species,were collected in this investigation.The dominant species in the entire year,as measured by the index of relative importance,were Toxabramis swinhonis,Carassius auratus,Hemiculter leucisculus,and Culter erythropterus.When compared to other times of the year,the diversity of fish species was significantly higher in the autumn.The habitats of Nymphoides peltatum(H3)and Myriophyllum spicatum(H1)had higher species diversity than other habitats.The results of the PCoA and PERMANOVA tests revealed that there were significant differences in the community structure of small-sized fish between seasons and between habitats.The results show that the current fish community structure of Yuqiao Reservoir is relatively simple,with low species diversity and a high degree of fish miniaturisation.

关 键 词：于桥水库 鱼类群落 时空分布 生境 

分 类 号：S932.4[农业科学—渔业资源]