锂离子电池耐燃电解液的研究进展  

Research progress in flame-retardant electrolytes for Li-ion battery

作　　者：田浩然 夏兰 TIAN Haoran;XIA Lan(Faculty of Maritime and Transportation,Ningbo University,Ningbo,Zhejiang 315832,China)

机构地区：[1]宁波大学海运学院,浙江宁波315832

出　　处：《电池》2024年第2期260-264,共5页Battery Bimonthly

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(22075155);浙江省基础公益研究计划项目(LY24B030002);宁波市科技项目(2021Z121)。

摘　　要：锂离子电池已广泛应用于中小型设备储能,热失控是导致电池发生安全问题的主要原因。电解液是热失控链条中的重要一环,降低其可燃性有助于保障电池安全。针对目前商业电解液闪点低、易燃等问题,已有很多解决方案。总结几种锂离子电池耐燃电解液体系,包括含磷、含氟和含硅有机阻燃剂等不燃体系。含磷阻燃剂的阻燃效率及电池兼容性等综合性能较好,含氟代溶剂闪点高但阻燃效率一般,而硅基阻燃剂热稳定性好但很难作为纯溶剂使用。对锂离子电池耐燃电解液的发展前景进行展望。Li-ion battery has been widely applied in mini-sized and medium-sized devices for energy storage.Thermal runaway is the main cause of battery safety problems.As a vital link of thermal runaway chain,decreasing the flammability of electrolyte is beneficial to the safety of battery.At present,there have been many solutions to overcome the issues of low flash points and flammablility of commercial electrolytes.The flame-retardant and non-flammable electrolyte systems,including phosphorus-containing,fluorine-containing and silicon-containing organic compounds-based flame-retardant electrolytes are summarized.Phosphorus-containing flame retardants have good comprehensive properties such as flame retardant efficiency and battery compatibility.Fluorinated solvents have high flash points but low flame retardant efficiency,while silicon-based flame retardants have good thermal stability but are difficult to be used as pure solvents.The future developments of flame-retardant electrolytes for Li-ion battery are prospected.

关 键 词：锂离子电池 耐燃电解液 添加剂 安全性 含磷阻燃剂 含氟阻燃剂 含硅阻燃剂 

分 类 号：O646.21[理学—物理化学] TM912.9[理学—化学]