丽江烟区烤烟高可用性上部叶适宜采收期研究  

Study on the Suitable Harvesting Time of High Availability Upper Leaves of Flue-cured Tobacco in Lijiang

作　　者：和翌辉 张文先 范幸龙[2] 骆海明 张雯清 杨文奎 焦醒亚 赵才能 和强 蒋朝臣 罗优 HE Yi-hui;ZHANG Wen-xian;FAN Xing-long(Yunnan Provincial Tobacco Company Lijiang Company,Lijiang,Yunnan 674100;China Tobacco Jiangsu Industrial Co.,Ltd.,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210008)

机构地区：[1]云南省烟草公司丽江市公司,云南丽江674100 [2]江苏中烟工业有限责任公司,江苏南京210008 [3]云南农业大学烟草学院,云南昆明650201

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2024年第8期47-50,57,共5页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：江苏中烟工业有限责任公司项目“基于细支卷烟需求的高可用性上部烟叶开发及利用研究”(H202301)。

摘　　要：为明确丽江市玉龙县烟区烤烟上部叶最佳采收期,优化烟叶供需结构,为卷烟原料高质量供给提供技术支撑。采用完全随机区组试验,研究烤烟上部叶采收期(提前8 d、正常和延迟8 d)对鲜烟叶成熟采收特征及叶绿素含量、烟株农艺性状、气候性斑点病和普通花叶病发生、烤后烟叶化学成分和经济性状影响。结果表明,随着延迟采收上部叶,其茎叶夹角由锐角逐渐变成钝角,叶面落黄和叶脉变白程度明显加剧,绒毛脱落和成熟斑增多;农艺性状差异不显著,上部烟叶中SPAD值逐渐降低,由高到低依次为T1(未熟)处理、T2(成熟)处理、T3(过熟)处理;田间气候斑点病、普通花叶病的发病率和病情指数由高到低均表现为T3处理、T2处理、T1处理。适当延迟采收上部叶能提高烟草产量、产值、上等烟比例,可改善上部叶品质,使烟叶各化学成分更适中,不同处理烟叶化学成分协调性由高到低表现为T3处理、T2处理、T1处理。丽江市玉龙县烟区上部烟叶应适当延迟4~6 d,以获得较好质量且可用性高的优质上部烟叶。In order to define the best harvest time of upper leaves of fluecured tobacco in Yulong County,Lijiang City,optimize the supply and demand structure of tobacco leaves,and provide technical support for highquality supply of tobacco raw materials.We studied the effects of fluecured tobacco upper leaf harvest time(8 days in advance,normal and delayed)on the mature harvest characteristics and chlorophyll content of fresh tobacco leaves,the occurrence of tobacco agronomic traits,tobacco weather flare and mosaic disease,and the chemical composition and economic characteristics of cured B2F tobacco leaves by using a completely randomized block experiment in the field.The results showed that with the delayed harvesting of the upper leaves,the angle between the stems and leaves gradually changed from acute angle to obtuse angle,the degree of leaf yellowing and leaf vein whitening increased significantly,and the number of villi shedding and mature spots increased.There was no significant difference in agronomic traits(P>0.05),and the SPAD value in the upper leaves gradually decreased,which was in the order of T1>T2>T3;the incidence and release index of tobacco weather flare and Mosaic release in the field were T3>T2>T1.Properly delaying the harvesting of upper leaves can improve the yield,output value and proportion of fluecured tobacco,improve the quality of upper leaves,and make the chemical components of tobacco more moderate.The characteristic of chemical components of tobacco leaves in different treatments is T3>T2>T1.The upper leaves in Yulong County,Lijiang City should be appropriately delayed for 4-7 d to obtain highquality upper leaves with good quality and high availability.

关 键 词：烤烟 SPAD值 农艺性状 成熟度 烟叶质量 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业]