化肥减施下优化施肥对广东冬作马铃薯产量和品质的影响  

Effects of Optimizing Fertilization on Yield and Quality of Winter Potato in Guangdong Province Under Chemical Fertilizer Reduction

作　　者：官利兰 何艺超[1] 李水源 冯玉环 张新明 冯健超[1] 岑越彪 GUAN Li-lan;HE Yi-chao;LI Shui-yuan(Guangdong Enping Agricultural Technology Extension Center,Enping,Guangdong 510520;College of Natural Resources and Environment,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510642)

机构地区：[1]广东省恩平市农业技术推广服务中心,广东恩平510520 [2]华南农业大学资源环境学院,广东广州510642

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2024年第8期152-154,162,共4页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系专项(CARS-9-ES14);国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0200801);2020年度广东省科技专项资金(“大专项+任务清单”)项目。

摘　　要：[目的]探究化学肥料减量下优化施肥对南方冬作马铃薯产量和品质的影响,明确该地区更合理科学的施肥量,为广东省冬作马铃薯产业的绿色高效发展提供理论依据。[方法]以马铃薯品种费乌瑞它一级脱毒种薯为试验材料,设置优化施肥(化肥减量配施商品有机肥)、常规施肥和空白对照3个处理,研究不同处理对广东冬作马铃薯产量、经济效益、肥料表观利用率和品质的影响。[结果]优化施肥处理总产量、商品薯产量分别高于常规施肥处理1093.8和793.4 kg/hm^(2),分别增加4.69%和3.78%;优化施肥处理的马铃薯块茎品质参数与常规施肥处理之间差异未达显著水平(P>0.05)。优化施肥处理氮磷钾肥的综合偏生产力为33.52 kg/kg,较常规施肥处理高6.61 kg/kg,增加24.55%;优化施肥处理肥料成本较常规施肥低3334.2元/hm^(2),降低19.92%;优化施肥产值为36446.0元/hm^(2),显著高于常规施肥处理(P<0.05)。[结论]在广东省冬作马铃薯种植中,优化施肥处理施肥方案可达到绿色高效,实现化肥减量的同时保证产量品质的提高与稳定。[Objective]The effects of optimizing fertilization on yield and economic benefit of winter potato under chemical fertilizer reduction were discussed in this paper.This study explored the reasonable and scientific fertilization amount in southern potato winter cropping district,and provided theoretical basis for the green and efficient development of winter potato industry in Guangdong Province.[Method]There were three treatments,including optimizing fertilizer,conventional fertilizer and no fertilizer treatment.The effects of three treatments on yield,nutrient content,quality and economic benefit of winter potato in Guangdong Province were studied with Favorlta first level virus-free seed potato as experimental material.[Result]The optimizing fertilizer treatment has higher total yield,marketable tuber yield and total value and lower fertilizer cost than the other two treatments.The total yield and marketable tuber yield of optimizing fertilizer treatment were 1093.8 kg/hm^(2)and 793.4 kg/hm^(2)higher than conventional fertilizer treatment.There was no significant difference between optimizing fertilizer treatment and conventional fertilizer treatment on potato tuber quality parameters(P>0.05).The comprehensive partial productivity of nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium fertilizers of optimizing fertilizer treatment was 33.52 kg/kg,increased by 24.55%,significantly higher than conventional fertilizer treatment.The fertilizer cost of optimizing fertilizer treatment was 3334.2 yuan/hm^(2)lower than conventional fertilizer treatment,decreased by 19.92%.The total value of optimizing fertilizer treatment was 36446.0 yuan/hm^(2),significantly higher than conventional fertilizer treatment.[Conclusion]Overall,optimizing fertilizer treatment was a better choice with a good yield,quality and value of winter potato in Guangdong Province.The optimizing fertilizer could reduce chemical fertilizer in winter potato cultivation,achieve green and efficient while ensure the improvement and stability of yield and quality.

关 键 词：优化施肥 常规施肥 冬作马铃薯 化肥减施 

分 类 号：S532[农业科学—作物学]