不同枝采时间对竹叶花椒结果枝生长量、产量和品质的影响  

Effects of Different Branch Harvesting Times on the Growth,Yield andQuality of Fruiting Branches of Zanthoxylum armatum

作　　者：呼延丽 郝佳波 杜春花 郭永清 铁筱睿 陆斌 HU Yanli;HAO Jiabo;DU Chunhua;GUO Yonqing;TIE Xiaorui;LU Bin(Yunnan Academy of Forestry and Grassland,Kunming Yunnan 650201,P.R.China;Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Forest Resource Development of Yunnan Province/Key Laboratory of Rare and Endangered Forest Plants of The National Forestry and Grassland Administration,Kunming Yunnan 650201,P.R.China;Kunming Haikou forest farm,Kunming Yunnan 650114,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]云南省林业和草原科学院,云南昆明650201 [2]云南省森林植物培育与开发利用重点实验室/国家林业和草原局云南珍稀濒特森林植物保护和繁育重点实验室,云南昆明650201 [3]昆明市海口林场,云南昆明650114

出　　处：《西部林业科学》2024年第2期81-86,共6页Journal of West China Forestry Science

基　　金：云南省魏安智专家工作站(202105AF150005);中央财政林业科技推广示范资金项目([2022]TG04)号。

摘　　要：为探明竹叶花椒枝采最佳时间,开展不同带枝采收时间(6月、7月、8月)对竹叶花椒结果枝生长量、产量和品质影响的研究。结果显示:(1)不同带枝采收时间,鲜果感官等级评价,7月>8月>6月;椒果干鲜比6.8︰1、5.2︰1、4.5︰1。(2)不同带枝采收时间,年末树冠投影面积新梢(结果枝)数量、鲜果产量、冠幅方差分析结果显示,6月、7月差异不显著(P>0.05),8月差异显著(P<0.05)。(3)展开多重比较分析结果显示,结果枝单枝产量在6月、7月差异不显著(P>0.05),8月的长果枝产量差异达极显著(P<0.01);结果枝单枝长在6月、7月差异不显著(P>0.05),8月的短果枝差异显著(P<0.05)。结果表明:6月中旬至7月中旬是竹叶花椒带枝采收最佳时间,采收后当年花椒商品性质量能得到保证,萌生的新梢生长量能够保证次年结果量。研究结果为竹叶花椒枝采轻简化栽培提供理论依据。To explore the optimal time for harvesting Zanthoxylum armatum branches,a study was conducted on the effects of different harvesting times with branches on the growth,yield,and quality of the fruiting branches of Z.armatum.The results showed that:(1)Different harvesting times with branches,sensory evaluation of fresh fruits,July>August>June.The fresh to dry ratio of pepper and fruit is 6.8︰1,5.2︰1 and 4.5︰1(in June,July,and August).(2)The analysis of variance(ANOVA)results showed that there was no significant difference in the number of new shoots(fruiting branches),fresh fruit yield,and crown width between June and July(P>0.05)and August(P<0.05)for different harvesting times with branches.Multiple comparative analysis showed that there was no significant difference in the yield of single branches in June and July(P>0.05),and the difference in yield of long fruit branches in August was extremely significant(P<0.01).The results showed that there was no significant difference in the length of a single branch between June and July(P>0.05),while there was a significant difference in the length of short fruit branches in August(P<0.05).Conclusion:Based on comprehensive evaluation of sensory quality,yield,and growth,July is the optimal time for picking Z.armatum branches.After harvesting,the commercial quality of Sichuan pepper can be guaranteed in the same year,and the growth rate of sprouted new shoots can ensure the yield of the following year.

关 键 词：竹叶花椒 带枝采收 时间 生长量 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S573.9[农业科学—作物学]