低品位金矿工艺矿物学特征和金回收  

Process mineralogy characteristics and gold recovery of low grade gold ore

作　　者：杨政国 YANG Zhengguo(Zijin Mining Group Co.Ltd.,Longyan 364200,Fujian,China;Tibet Julong Copper Co.Ltd.,Lhasa 857000,Tibet,China)

机构地区：[1]紫金矿业集团股份有限公司,福建龙岩364200 [2]西藏巨龙铜业有限公司,西藏拉萨857000

出　　处：《矿冶》2024年第2期225-233,270,共10页Mining And Metallurgy

摘　　要：云南某低品位金矿含Au 0.69 g/t,富集难度大。采用化学分析、XRD分析、光学显微镜和扫描电镜等分析手段对该矿石进行了工艺矿物学特征分析,并分别采用浮选、摇床重选和氰化浸出三种方法处理该金矿,探索最佳处理工艺。结果表明,该低品位金矿石Au品位为0.69 g/t,伴生有益元素银的品位低,银不具有综合回收利用价值,有害元素As含量较高(0.16%);矿石主要结构构造为自形-半自形-它形粒状结构、斑状结构、微晶结构等结构构造;矿石中主要硫化矿物为黄铁矿、黄铜矿、方铅矿和闪锌矿,嵌布粒度较细,其他主要脉石矿物为石英、方解石、绿泥石和高岭土等;矿石中的金主要赋存在铜铅锌硫化矿物中,嵌布粒度细,且大部分以类质同象形式存在;三种选别方法相比较,浮选法的效果最好。在此基础上,系统研究了工艺参数条件如磨矿细度、抑制剂、分散剂、活化剂和捕收剂等对金回收的影响,并进行了开路和闭路试验。结果表明:在磨矿细度-0.074 mm占比80.60%、水玻璃1000 g/t、石灰1000 g/t、硫酸铜200 g/t、丁基黄药100 g/t、丁基铵黑药50 g/t、松醇油30 g/t的最佳工艺参数条件下,采用一次粗选、三次精选、三次扫选的混合浮选工艺流程,最终可获得金品位17.70 g/t、金回收率71.87%的金精矿,金回收效果好。A low-grade gold deposit in Yunnan contains Au 0.69 g/t,which is difficult to enrich.The process mineralogy characteristics of the ore were analyzed by means of chemical analysis,XRD analysis,optical microscope and scanning electron microscope.The gold mine was treated by flotation,shaking table gravity separation and cyanidation leaching respectively to explore the best treatment process.The results show that the grade of Au in the low-grade gold ore is 0.69 g/t,the grade of associated beneficial element silver is low,silver does not have comprehensive recycling value,and the content of harmful element As is high(0.16%).The main structure of the ore is a self-shaped-semi-self-shaped granular structure,porphyritic structure,microcrystalline structure,and other structural structures.The main sulfide minerals in the ore are pyrite,chalcopyrite,galenite and sphalerite,and the disseminated particle size is fine.Other main gangue minerals are quartz,calcite,chlorite and kaolin.The gold in the ore mainly occurs in copper-lead-zinc sulfide minerals,with fine disseminated particle size,and most of them exist in the form of isomorphism.Compared with the three separation methods,the flotation method has the best effect.On this basis,the effects of process parameters such as grinding fineness,inhibitors,dispersants,activators and collectors on gold recovery were systematically studied,and open-circuit and closed-circuit tests were carried out.The results show that under the optimum process parameters of grinding fineness of-0.074 mm accounting 80.60%,water glass of 1000 g/t,lime of 1000 g/t,copper sulfate of 200 g/t,butyl xanthate of 100 g/t,butyl ammonium aerofloat of 50 g/t and pine oil of 30 g/t,the gold concentrate with the grade of 17.70 g/t and gold recovery of 71.87%can be obtained by using the mixed flotation process of one roughing,three cleaning and three scavenging,besides the gold recovery effect is good.

关 键 词：低品位金矿 浮选 工艺矿物学 摇床重选 氰化浸出 

分 类 号：TD952[矿业工程—选矿]