土壤渍水胁迫对华北冬小麦籽粒灌浆及干物质分配的影响  

Effect of Soil Waterlogging Stress on Grain Filling and Dry Matter Distribution of Winter Wheat in North China

作　　者：赵花荣[1,2,3] 张玲 任三学 齐月[3] 田晓丽 ZHAO Huarong;ZHANG Ling;REN Sanxue;QI Yue;TIAN Xiaoli(Chinese Academy of Meteorological Science,Beijing 100081;Hebei Gucheng Agricultural Meteorology National Observation and Research Station,Baoding 072656;Institute of Arid Meteorology of CMA/Gansu Key Laboratory of Arid Climatic Change and Reducing Disaster/Key Laboratory of Arid Climatic Change and Disaster Reduction of CMA,Lanzhou 730020;Gansu Meteorological Information and Technical Equip Safeguard Center,Gansu Meteorological Bureau,Lanzhou 730020)

机构地区：[1]中国气象科学研究院,北京100081 [2]河北固城农业气象国家野外科学观测研究站,保定072656 [3]中国气象局兰州干旱气象研究所/甘肃省干旱气候变化与减灾重点实验室/中国气象局干旱气候变化与减灾重点实验室,兰州730020 [4]甘肃省气象局信息与装备保障中心,兰州730020

出　　处：《气象科技》2024年第2期277-287,共11页Meteorological Science and Technology

基　　金：干旱气象科学研究基金项目(IAM202315);国家自然科学基金项目(42071402);中国气象局农业气象保障与应用技术开放研究基金项目(AMF202007);甘肃省青年科技基金(21JR7RA700)资助。

摘　　要：利用少雨旱区华北冬麦主产区河北固城站的电动防雨棚,遮去自然降水,通过人工控制灌水形成土壤渍水、高湿、干旱和对照,冬小麦花后通过测定籽粒灌浆进程和地上生物量以及产量构成要素,解析不受阴雨和低温胁迫影响下土壤渍水对冬小麦籽粒灌浆速率及产量形成的胁迫效应。结果表明,随土壤水分的减少,冬小麦灌浆速率降低,灌浆持续日数缩短;灌浆期土壤高湿有增产效应,理论产量增产5.87%,土壤渍水出现减产,理论产量减产1.50%;高湿和渍水的收获指数比对照略有提高,并均高于0.5000;干旱胁迫下,收获指数比对照低0.1130~0.1633。北方旱区灌溉解除了气候干旱对作物需水胁迫,晴好天气光照充足,日较差大,作物产量提高,土壤水分是影响北方冬小麦挖掘光温生产潜力和提高单产的关键限制因素。研究结果为应对气候变化引起极端降水事件对农业生产的影响,尤其是科学评估旱、涝灾害对北方旱区农作物的影响有一定参考意义。By using the electric rainproof shed at Gucheng Station in Hebei Province,which is located in the little-rainfall and arid regions of the main winter wheat production region of North China,natural precipitation is covered and irrigation is artificially controlled to form soil waterlogging,high humidity,drought,and control.The grain filling process,above-ground biomass,and yield components of winter wheat are measured after flowering.The stress effects of soil waterlogging on the grain filling rate and yield of winter wheat are analysed without the influence of rain and low-temperature stress.The results show that the grain filling rate of winter wheat decreases and the duration of grain filling days shortens with the decrease of soil water;drought and waterlogging stress affect the dry matter distribution among organs and the source-sink matching relationship of grain filling in winter wheat.With the decrease of soil water content,the dry matter distribution in the ear decreases,and the stem and leaf weight increases,that is,the biological yield(straw)increases,and the economic yield(grain)decreases.Under the condition of sufficient soil water,the photosynthetic efficiency of green organs such as leaves is high,the transport of photosynthetic products is dominant,and the dry matter of pre-anthesis vegetative organs has a small contribution rate to the formation and transport of grains;drought stress significantly weakens the photosynthetic capacity of leaves,reduces photosynthetic products and reduces dry matter transport,but the contribution rate of dry matter storage in pre-anthesis vegetative organs increases.Drought stress affects photosynthesis,grain filling,dry matter accumulation,transport,and distribution of winter wheat plants;during the grain filling period,high soil moisture has a yield-increasing effect,with a theoretical yield increase of 5.87%.Soil waterlogging shows a decrease in yield,with a theoretical yield decrease of 1.50%;the harvest indices of high humidity and waterlogging are slightly high

关 键 词：冬小麦 灌浆速率 产量 渍水 干旱 

分 类 号：P49[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]