天津野生鲤与选育鲤的遗传多样性分析  

An analysis of genetic diversity of wild and bred Cyprinus carpio in Tianjin area

作　　者：刘肖莲[1] 郝爽[1] 李楠[1] 宋立民 杨峻 马林[1] 戴媛媛 吴会民[1] LIU Xiaolian;HAO Shuang;LI Nan;SONG Limin;YANG Jun;MA Lin;DAI Yuanyuan;WU Huimin(Tianjin Fisheries Research Institute,Tianjin 300221,China)

机构地区：[1]天津市水产研究所,天津300221

出　　处：《海洋湖沼通报》2024年第1期62-67,共6页Transactions of Oceanology and Limnology

基　　金：国家大宗淡水鱼产业技术体系(CARS-45-32);天津市淡水养殖产业技术体系创新团队(ITTFRS2021000);天津市科技计划项目(18ZXZYNC00150);教育部环境污染过程与基准重点实验室开放基金(201904)。

摘　　要：采用12对微卫星标记对天津市2个野生鲤群体(州河鲤、潮白河群体)和1个人工选育群体(福瑞鲤2号)进行遗传多样性分析。结果表明,3个群体的等位基因数为2~21,平均有效等位基因数为2.969 6~8.916 0,平均期望杂合度为0.636 7~0.882 5,平均观测杂合度为0.675 9~0.790 6,平均多态信息含量(PIC)为0.573 2~0.872 7,3个群体均为高度多态(PIC>0.5)。野生群体与选育群体间的遗传分化指数(Fst)为0.158 8、0.210 4,说明野生群体与选育群体间存在显著的遗传分化。分子方差分析表明,13.62%的遗传变异来源于群体间,83.38%的变异来源于个体间。基于Nei’s遗传距离的聚类树表明,州河鲤与潮白河群体亲缘关系较近,二者与福瑞鲤2号亲缘关系较远。综上,野生群体与选育群体间的遗传变异程度较大,选育群体的遗传种质较纯,2个野生群体的遗传多样性较高,具备较大的育种潜力。Genetic diversity and variation of two wild Cyprinus carpio populations(Zhouhe carp and Chaobaihe carp) and one selected population(C.carpio var.FFRC 2# were assessed) using 12 microsatellite markers.The number of alleles ranged from 2 to 21 among three populations.The average effective allele number varied between 2.969 6 and 8.916 0.The average expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.636 7 to 0.882 5.The average observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.675 9 to 0.790 6.The average polymorphic information content(PIC) varied between 0.573 2 and 0.872 7 with the highest (PIC >0.5).The pairwise genetic differentiation index was 0.158 8 and 0.210 4 in the wild and the selected populations,respectively,indicating that the three populations genetically differentiated significantly.Analysis of molecular variance(AMOVA) detected a high genetic variation among individuals(86.38%) while variation among populations explained 13.62% of the total.The UPGMA phylogenetic tree based on Nei's distance demonstrated that the Zhouhe carp and the Chaobaihe carp are closely related,and two populations of the wild carp had far relationship to the selected population.Overall,genetic variation among wild populations and selected population was significant.The selected population had a pure genetic germplasm while the wild populations had a high genetic diversity and potential for further selective breeding.

关 键 词：鲤 野生群体 选育群体 微卫星 遗传多样性 

分 类 号：S917.4[农业科学—水产科学]