菲律宾蛤仔血细胞吞噬作用的功能分析  

A functional analysis of the haemocyte phagocytosis of clam Ruditapes philippinarum

作　　者：刘静 翟冰 徐涛 黄小丽 刘栋 胡发文 LIU Jing;ZHAI Bing;XU Tao;HUANG Xiaoli;LIU Dong;HU Fawen(Analytic and Testing Center,Qingdao Agricultural University,Qingdao 266109,China;Marine Science Research Institute of Shandong Province,Qingdao 266104,China;Key Laboratory of Benthic Fisheries Aquaculture and Enhancement,Qingdao 266104,China)

机构地区：[1]青岛农业大学分析测试中心,山东青岛266109 [2]山东省海洋科学研究院,山东青岛266104 [3]青岛市浅海底栖渔业增殖重点实验室,山东青岛266104

出　　处：《海洋湖沼通报》2024年第1期90-97,共8页Transactions of Oceanology and Limnology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31302166);山东省现代农业产业技术体系(SDAIT-14);青岛农业大学高层次人才科研启动基金(663/1121022);青岛农业大学实验技术课题(SYJS202301)。

摘　　要：菲律宾蛤仔(Ruditapes philippinarum)免疫系统属于非特异性免疫,血细胞在其免疫防御中起着重要的作用。本文首先利用扫描电镜和透射电镜观察了大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)、金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)和鳗弧菌(Vibrio anguillarum)的形貌结构,随后利用光镜和透射电镜比较和观察了血细胞对三种菌的吞噬作用。实验结果表明,大肠杆菌呈杆状,平均1.6×0.6μm;金黄色葡萄球菌呈球状,菌体平均1.3×1.1μm,呈葡萄串状排列;鳗弧菌呈弧状,有一根细长的极生单鞭毛,菌体平均1.3×0.7μm,鞭毛长平均4.5μm;光镜结果显示血细胞对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、鳗弧菌的吞噬率分别为38.7%、30.0%和24.4%;透射电镜观察发现血细胞可以通过丝状伪足、片状伪足,或直接用细胞膜粘附和包裹细菌,被吞噬的细菌能被溶酶体消化,并且发现吞噬大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌后对血细胞超微结构影响不大,而吞噬鳗弧菌后,血细胞超微结构损伤明显,细胞发生凋亡或死亡。由此作者认为菲律宾蛤仔血细胞对三种菌吞噬能力的差异跟细菌的大小、易聚集程度、致病性有关系。The immune system of Ruditapes philippinarum is non-specific,and the haemocytes play an important role in its immune defense.In this study,the morphology and structure of Escherichia coli,Staphylococcus aureus and Vibrio anguillarum were observed under scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy,and then the phagocytosis of haemocytes on these bacteria was compared and observed under light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy(TEM).The results showed that E.coli was rod-shaped,with an average size of 1.6×0.6 μm;S.aureus was spherical in shape,with an average size of 1.3×1.1 μm,and arranged in a grape string;V.anguillarum was arc-shaped,with a single slender polar flagellum,the average size was 1.3×0.7 μm,and the average flagellum length was 4.5 μm.The phagocytosis rate of E.coli,S.aureus and V.anguillarum was 38.7%,30.0% and 24.4%,respectively.TEM observation found that the haemocytes can adhere and wrap the bacteria through filopodia,lamellipodia,or directly with the plasma membrane,and the phagocytized bacteria can be digested by lysosomes.It was also found that the ultrastructure of the haemocytes did not damage after phagocytosis of E.coli and S.aureus while after phagocytosis of V.anguillarum,the haemocytes ultrastructures were obviously damaged,and the apoptosis or death of the haemocytes occurred.We concluded that the difference of phagocytosis of R.philippinarum haemocytes to three kinds of bacteria was related to the size,aggregation degree and pathogenicity of the bacteria.

关 键 词：菲律宾蛤仔 血细胞 吞噬 大肠杆菌 金黄色葡萄球菌 鳗弧菌 

分 类 号：S917.4[农业科学—水产科学]