外界风影响瘦高型中庭自然排烟的CFD模拟研究  

CFD Simulation Study on the Influence of External Wind on Natural Smoke Exhaust in Tall and Thin Atriums

作　　者：周靖轩 张涛 宋文华[3] Zhou Jingxuan;Zhang Tao;Song Wenhua(Tianjin Fire and Rescue Brigade,Tianjin 300090,China;Tianjin Free Trade Zone Fire Detachment,Tianjin 300308,China;School of Environmental Science and Engineering,Tiangong University,Tianjin 300387,China)

机构地区：[1]天津市消防救援总队,天津300090 [2]天津市保税区消防救援支队,天津300308 [3]天津工业大学环境科学与工程学院,天津300387

出　　处：《南开大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第1期27-31,共5页Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Nankaiensis

摘　　要：自然排烟是控制中庭火灾烟气的主要方法,其排烟效果受环境风压的影响,极易形成“烟囱效应”.利用CFD模拟方法,对影响中庭自然排烟的因素进行分析,研究结果表明:自然排烟条件下,当中庭自然排烟口位于迎风面且风速为5 m/s时,进入中庭内的冷空气量较大,产生的惯性力较强,能够使中庭的自然排烟效果失效,火灾产生的烟气蓄积在中庭底部不能排出;当中庭自然排烟口位于侧风向时,风在自然排烟口表面形成剪切流,对中庭起到了封闭作用,不利自然排烟的进行;两种典型风向条件,均不利于中庭自然排烟系统发挥作用,自然排烟系统的稳定性较弱.Natural smoke exhaust is the main method for controlling smoke in atrium fires,and its smoke exhaust effect is influenced by environmental wind pressure,which can easily form a "chimney effect".CFD simulation method was used to analyze the factors that affect natural smoke exhaust in the atrium.The research results show that under natural smoke exhaust conditions,when the natural smoke exhaust port in the atrium is located on the windward side and the wind speed is 5 m/s,the amount of cold air entering the atrium is large,and the inertia force generated is strong,which can make the natural smoke exhaust effect in the atrium ineffective.The smoke generated by the fire accumulates at the bottom of the atrium and cannot be discharged.When the natural smoke exhaust outlet in the atrium is located in the crosswind direction,the wind forms a shear flow on the surface of the natural smoke exhaust outlet,which acts as a sealing effect on the atrium and is not conducive to the natural smoke exhaust.Both typical wind direction conditions are not conducive to the natural smoke exhaust system in the atrium,and the stability of the natural smoke exhaust system is weak.

关 键 词：瘦高型中庭 外界风 中庭烟气 自然排烟 CFD模拟 

分 类 号：X924.4[环境科学与工程—安全科学]