果园生草条件下介导果树适施外源钙剂引起的果实内源激素和品质变化特征  

Characterization of Endogenous Hormone and Quality Changes in Fruits Induced by Appropriate Application of Exogenous Calcium in Fruit Trees Mediated by Orchard Grassing Conditions

作　　者：贾永华[1] 马军 许泽华[1] 李百云[1] 侯克峰 李晓龙[1] JIA Yonghua;MA Jun;XU Zehua;LI Baiyun;HOU Kefeng;LI Xiaolong(Institute of Horticulture,Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry,Yinchuan,Ningxia 750001;Qingtongxia Science and Technology Bureau,Qingtongxia,Ningxia 751699)

机构地区：[1]宁夏农林科学院园艺研究所,宁夏银川750001 [2]青铜峡市科学技术局,宁夏青铜峡751699

出　　处：《北方园艺》2024年第7期1-9,共9页Northern Horticulture

基　　金：国家苹果产业技术体系资助项目(CARS-27);宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划资助项目(2021BBF02014,2022BBF02035);宁夏农林科学院农业高质量发展和生态保护科技创新示范资助项目(NGSB-2021-1-1);中央财政林业科技推广示范资助项目(2023ZY06)。

摘　　要：以5种类型螯合剂钙源和人工生草草种为试材,采用田间随机区组试验设计,以清水为对照(CK),对采选的螯合剂钙源进行稀释500、1000、1500倍浓度喷施,结合行间人工生草和清耕耦合模式种植,研究了不同类型螯合剂钙源和生草处理下果实内源激素和品质变化特征,以期为当地果品提升开展果园可持续化生草管理和标准化施肥提供参考依据。结果表明:果实成熟后,整体处理提升效果主要集中在稀释1000倍浓度,其中SA(1000倍)和OM(1000倍)与生草模式耦合对果实内源激素和品质提升显著,即赤霉素(GA)提升38.0%与41.2%、细胞分裂素(CTK)提升26.9%与38.3%、生长素(IAA)提升47.4%与52.9%、脱落酸(ABA)拮抗作用34.9%与35.1%;果实品质当中,单果质量提升20.6%与16.6%;可滴定酸提升24.0%(SA)、可溶性固形物提升23.1%与21.9%、硬度提升71.8%(SA)、可溶性糖提升20.1%(SA)。相关性分析结果表明,内源激素与果实品质相关性集中于稀释1000倍浓度,聚焦于生草模式与喷施耦合(1000倍)相关性最强,GA、CTK、IAA与可溶性糖、硬度和果形指数呈显著正相关(P<0.001);仅喷施外源钙剂时,CTK、IAA与单果质量、可溶性固形物、可溶性糖呈显著相关性(P<0.001)。果园行间生草主要为GA、IAA与单果质量、可溶性固形物、硬度、可溶性糖呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。Five types of chelator calcium sources and artificial grass species were used as test materials,a field randomized block experiment design was adopted,in which clean water was used as CK,and the selected chelator calcium sources were sprayed at diluted concentrations of 500,1000 and 1500 times,and were planted in combination with the coupling mode of artificial grass and clearing cultivation in the rows.The characteristics of endogenous hormones and quality changes of fruits under different types of chelator calcium sources and biograssing treatments were investigated,in order to provide reference for local fruit enhancement to carry out sustainable biograssing management and standardized fertilization in orchards.The results showed that after fruit ripening,the overall treatment enhancement effect was mainly concentrated in the dilution of 1000-fold concentration,in which SA(1000-fold)and OM(1000-fold)coupled with the biograssing pattern enhanced the endogenous hormones and quality of fruits significantly,gibberellin(GA)enhanced by 38.0%and 41.2%,cytokinins(CTK)enhanced by 26.9%and 38.3%,and auxin(IAA)enhanced by 47.4%and 52.9%,and abscisic acid(ABA)antagonism by 34.9%and 35.1%;among the fruit qualities,the quality of single fruit was increased by 20.6%and 16.6%;titratable acid by 24.0%(SA),soluble solids by 23.1%and 21.9%,hardness by 71.8%(SA),and soluble sugar by 20.1%(SA).The correlation showed that the correlation between endogenous hormones and fruit quality was focused on the dilution of 1000-fold concentration,and focused on the strongest correlation between the biograssing pattern and spray coupling(1000-fold),and the most significant positive correlation between GA,CTK,and IAA with soluble sugar,hardness,and fruit shape index(P<0.001);when spraying exogenous calcium only,the correlation between CTK,IAA,and single fruit weight,soluble solid,and soluble sugar was the most significant(P<0.001).The correlation between CTK,IAA and single fruit mass,soluble solids and soluble sugar was the most significant(P<

关 键 词：果园生草 外源钙剂 喷施浓度 内源激素 果实品质 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]