灰枣及其六个芽变材料生物学特性  

Biological Characteristics of Gray Jujube and Its Six Bud Mutants

作　　者：孔令硕 樊丁宇[2] 靳娟 杨磊[2] 田嘉 郝庆[2] KONG Lingshuo;FAN Dingyu;JIN Juan;YANG Lei;TIAN Jia;HAO Qing(College of Horticulture,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi,Xinjiang 830052;Institute of Horticultural Crops,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Urumqi,Xinjiang 830052)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学园艺学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆农业科学院园艺作物研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《北方园艺》2024年第7期35-42,共8页Northern Horticulture

基　　金：国家重点研发计划资助项目(2021YFD1000404);中央引导地方科技发展专项资助项目(特色果树种植创新与能力提升);自治区科学技术厅科技创新(天山创新团队)资助项目(2022TSYCT0010)。

摘　　要：以灰枣的6个芽变(“HF-1”“灰实2号”“羌灰2号”“灰08-3”“新丰1号”“灰枣新星”)为试材,“灰枣(CK)”为对照材料,采用田间调查法与室内测定法研究了灰枣及其6个芽变的物候期、树体、枝条、叶片、花等生物学特性,以期为新疆灰枣品种的升级换代提供参考依据。结果表明:6个灰枣芽变及灰枣树体形态相似,均为半开张或开张型,树势表现为中、强型,主干皮裂均为条状;叶片主要为绿色平展,卵状披针形;花期5—6月,果实完熟期9月。6个芽变的二次枝长节数8~12节,灰枣的二次枝长度为8节;6个芽变的枣吊长介于29.46~42.69 cm,均大于灰枣的枣吊长23.52 cm;6个芽变枣吊叶片数介于12.67~16.47片,均高于灰枣叶片数12.47片;6个芽变的股吊率介于2.90~3.80,均高于灰枣股吊率2.60;6个芽变的果吊比介于0.15~5.85,灰枣的果吊比为2.01。通过对灰枣及其6个芽变材料的生物学、产量等特性的调查比较,初步筛选出在喀什麦盖提产区综合性状表现较好的灰枣芽变材料为“灰08-3”“HF-1”“新丰1号”。Six jujube bud mutants(‘HF-1’‘Huishi No.1’‘Qianghui No.2’‘Hui 08-3’‘Xinfeng No.1’‘Gray Date Nova’)and the standard gray jujube(‘Gray Jujube(CK)’)were used as test materials.Field surveys and laboratory methods were employed to investigate the phenology,tree body,branches,leaves,flowers,and other biological characteristics of gray jujube and its six bud mutants,in order to provide reference for the upgrading of gray jujube varieties in Xinjiang.The results showed that the six gray jujube bud mutants and the gray jujube trees had similar morphologies,all semi-open or open-type,with medium to strong vigor,and their main trunks had striated bark.The leaves were predominantly green and flat,ovate-lanceolate in shape;the flowering period was from May to June,and the fruits ripened in September.The length of secondary branches of the six bud mutants ranged from 8 to 12 nodes,compared to 8 nodes for gray jujube.The length of the jujube hangings in the six bud mutants ranged from 29.46 cm to 42.69 cm,all longer than that of gray jujube at 23.52 cm.The number of leaves on the jujube hangings of the six bud mutants ranged from 12.67 to 16.47,all higher than the 12.47 leaves of gray jujube.The hanging rate of the six bud mutants ranged from 2.90 to 3.80,all higher than the 2.60 of gray jujube.The fruit-hanging ratio of the six bud mutants ranged from 0.15 to 5.85,with gray jujube at 2.01.Through comparative investigation of the biological characteristics and yield of gray jujube and its six bud mutants,‘Hui 08-3’‘HF-1’and‘Xinfeng No.1’were preliminarily selected as the bud mutant materials with better comprehensive traits in the Kashgar Maigaiti production area.

关 键 词：灰枣 芽变 生物学特性 

分 类 号：S665.1[农业科学—果树学]