考虑碳税影响的重载铁路回程运输定价策略  

Pricing Strategy for Heavy-Duty Rail Backhaul Considering the Impact of Carbon Tax

作　　者：陈硕[1,2] 魏润斌 毛保华 童瑞咏[1,2] 田佩宁 卢霞 CHEN Shuo;WEI Runbin;MAO Baohua;TONG Ruiyong;TIAN Peining;LU Xia(Key Laboratory of Transport Industry of Big Data Application Technologies for Comprehensive Transport,Beijing Jiaotong University,Beijing 100044,China;Integrated Transportation Research Centre of China,Beijing Jiaotong University,Beijing 100044,China)

机构地区：[1]北京交通大学综合交通运输大数据应用技术交通运输行业重点实验室,北京100044 [2]北京交通大学中国综合交通研究中心,北京100044

出　　处：《综合运输》2024年第3期153-159,共7页China Transportation Review

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(71971021)。

摘　　要：铁路与公路有不同的碳排放水平。考虑重载铁路和公路运输的差异性,将碳税引入回程运输价格中,建立了基于Hotelling模型的重载铁路回程运输定价模型。以我国某货运通道为案例,验证模型的有效性和可行性。研究表明:在重载回程运输市场中,若碳税税率为500元/tCO_(2),重载铁路回程铁矿石均衡运价为0.147元/t·km。当碳税税率由500元/tCO_(2)增加至950元/tCO_(2)时,铁路分担率提高2.02%,运价率增长0.005元/t·km。铁路碳排放因子降低60%,铁路运价率增加0.0012元/t·km,分担率提高0.43%。运输距离增至700km,铁路分担率高于50%,运价率下降至0.144元/t·km并逐渐趋于稳定。这表明,碳税引入对更好地利用重载铁路回程运能具有重要作用,且运距越长,重载铁路回程运输的优势与竞争力越明显。Railways and roads have different levels of carbon emissions.Considering the differences between heavy-duty railway and road transport,carbon tax is introduced into the return transport price and a pricing model for heavy-duty railway return transport based on the Hotelling model was developed.A freight corridor in China is used as a case study to verify the validity and feasibility of the model.The study shows that in the heavy-duty backhaul transport market,if the carbon tax rate is 500 yuan/tCO_(2),the equilibrium iron ore price for heavy-duty rail backhaul is 0.147 yuan/t·km.When the carbon tax rate is increased from 500 yuan/tCO_(2)to 950 yuan/tCO_(2),the railway share rate increases by 2.02%and the tariff rate increases by 0.005 yuan/t·km.When the railway carbon emission factor is reduced by 60%,the railway tariff rate increases by 0.0012 yuan/t·km and the sharing rate increases by 0.43%.As the distance travelled increases to 700km,the rail sharing rate rises above 50%and the tariff rate decreases to 0.144 yuan/t·km and gradually stabilizes.This shows that the introduction of the carbon tax plays an important role in better utilizing the backhaul capacity of heavy-duty railways,and the longer the transport distance,the more obvious the advantages and competitiveness of heavyduty railway backhaul transportation.

关 键 词：重载铁路回程运输 定价 博弈论 碳排放税 公路运输 

分 类 号：U239.4[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程]