世贸组织《渔业补贴协定》对发展中国家的影响  

The Impact of the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies on Developing Countries

作　　者：陈晔[1,2] CHEN Ye(College of Economics&Management,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;Research Center for Ocean Culture,Shanghai 201306,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学经济管理学院,上海201306 [2]上海海洋大学海洋文化研究中心,上海201306

出　　处：《海洋经济》2024年第1期68-77,共10页Marine Economy

摘　　要：2022年6月17日,世界贸易组织第12届部长级会议就《渔业补贴协定》达成共识,该协定创造诸多“第一”。我国于2023年6月27日递交议定书的接受书。渔业补贴在发展中国家十分普遍,《渔业补贴协定》禁止向三类捕捞活动提供补贴,协定的生效将对发展中国家的海洋渔业发展产生较大影响。通过对协定相关条款的仔细分析,对比发展中国家渔业发展现状,发现由于过渡期以及渔业筹资机制的存在,短期内协定对发展中国家影响不大,长期而言如果发达国家能肩负起应有的责任,发展中国家积极利用好过渡期,协定的签署将促进发展中国家海洋捕捞业的升级,为全球渔业资源保护起到积极作用。我国在协定所禁止的三大领域执行总体情况较好,因此,协定的生效,并不会对我国海洋捕捞业产生较大不利影响,但是细小的摩擦在所难免。建议加强国际履约和谈判团队建设,加强对远洋渔业企业海外机构的监管,将渔业补贴改革与渔业高质量发展相结合,让渔业筹资机制与“一带一路”倡议形成良性互动,抓住历史机遇实现我国渔业“走出去”。On June 17,2022,the 12th Ministerial Conference of the World Trade Organization reached a consensus on the Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies,which created many"firsts".China submitted its acceptance of the protocol on June 27,2023.Fisheries subsidies are very common in developing countries,and the Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies prohibits subsidies for three types of fishing activities.The entry into force of the agreement will have a significant impact on the development of marine fisheries in developing countries.Through a careful analysis of the relevant provisions of the agreement and comparing the current situation of fisheries development in developing countries,we found that due to the transitional period and the existence of fisheries financing mechanisms,the agreement has little impact on developing countries in the short run.In the long run,if developed countries can shoulder their due responsibilities and developing countries actively utilize the transition period,the signing of the agreement will promote the upgrading of developing countries'marine fishing industry and play a positive role in global fisheries resource protection.China has generally performed well in implementing the three areas prohibited by the agreement.Therefore,the enforcement of the agreement will not have a significant adverse impact on China's marine fishing industry,but minor frictions are inevitable.It is suggested to strengthen the construction of international implementation and negotiation team,strengthen the supervision of overseas institutions of deep sea fishing enterprises,combine the reform of fishery subsidies with the high-quality development of fisheries,make the fishery financing mechanism interact well with the"the Belt and Road"initiative,and seize the historical opportunity to realize the"going global"of China's fisheries.

关 键 词：WTO 《渔业补贴协定》 海洋环境 海洋渔业 渔业筹资机制 发展中国家 “一带一路” 

分 类 号：P74[天文地球—海洋科学] F12[经济管理—世界经济]