种衣剂防治小麦茎基腐病效果的评价  

Functional Evaluation of Seed Coating Agents Used for Controlling Wheat Fusarium Crown Rot

作　　者：张建周[1] 李春盈 王风涛 刘明[1] 张天兴 崔明珠[3] 齐建双[4] ZHANG Jianzhou;LI Chunying;WANG Fengtao;LIU Ming;ZHANG Tianxing;CUI Mingzhu;QI Jianshuang(Wheat Research Institute/Henan Key Laboratory for Wheat Biology,Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou 450002,China;State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests/Institute of Plant Protection,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Bei-jing 100193,China;Library of Shenyang Agricultural University,Shenyang 110161,China;Cereal Crops Research Institute,Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou 450002,China)

机构地区：[1]河南省农业科学院小麦研究所/河南省小麦生物学重点实验室,郑州450002 [2]中国农业科学院植物保护研究所/植物病虫害综合治理全国重点实验室,北京100193 [3]沈阳农业大学图书馆,沈阳110161 [4]河南省农业科学院粮食作物研究所,郑州450002

出　　处：《沈阳农业大学学报》2024年第2期187-194,共8页Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University

基　　金：河南省农业科学院自主创新项目(2022ZC03);农业农村部政府购买服务项目(19211095)。

摘　　要：茎基腐病已成为黄淮小麦主产区最具破坏性的土传病害之一,对我国粮食安全供给构成严重威胁。目前抗茎基腐病主栽品种稀少,生产上主要依赖于化学农药措施。药剂拌种可以有效防治茎基腐病。综合评价现有的种衣剂对小麦茎基腐病的防治及增产效果,以期为合理用药提供依据。采取高感茎基腐病小麦品种郑麦1354为研究对象,播种前种子包衣晾干,利用高致病力茎基腐病菌株PY20-20培养小米菌谷,连续2个小麦生长季利用进行人工接种病圃,包衣种子和接种菌谷等重量混合播种,分别于小麦拔节期和乳熟期记载处理小区植株发病情况,调查9种种衣剂处理后不同生育期的病情指数(disease index,DI),成熟收获后测定小区实际产量,结合小麦产量相关性状,比较种衣剂防病增产作用。结果表明:种衣剂处理后拔节期茎基腐病DI值均小于1.0,显著小于空白对照(5.07),防治效果为85.09%~100%,其中33 g·L^(-1)咯菌·噻虫胺、9%苯甲·吡虫啉和35 g·L^(-1)精甲霜灵·咯菌腈的防效达到为97%~100%。在乳熟期,种衣剂处理后茎基腐病DI平均值低于15,显著小于空白对照(81.55),其中35 g·L^(-1)精甲霜灵·咯菌腈和9%苯甲·吡虫啉防效较好,平均防效分别达到92%和95%,而且分别增产39.62%和36.31%。综合而言,采用种衣剂35 g·L^(-1)精甲霜灵·咯菌腈和9%苯甲·吡虫啉防治小麦茎基腐病效果好且增产效果显著,具有较好的应用前景。Fusarium crown rot has been becoming a most destructive soil-borne disease across main producing areas of wheat in Huang-Huai Plain,severely threating security supply of food grain in China.Resistant varieties to Fusarium crown rot are now rarely available,and the disease control is mainly by applying chemical pesticide.Seed coating is an effective method for Fusarium crown rot.The seed coating agents available for wheat Fusarium crown rot were comprehensively evaluated for their disease control effectiveness and yield incensement,laying a basis for reasonable deployment of chemical pesticides.A highly susceptible Zhengmai 1354 to Fusarium crown rot was selected as the wheat variety tested in this study.The seeds were coated with coating agents and dried before planting.The pathogen inocula were prepared with a highly virulent strain PY20-20 of Fusarium pseudograminearum on millet grain medium.During two consecutive growth seasons,artificial inoculation was conducted by mixing equal amount of treated seeds and inocula together and sowing in a field nursery.The disease progress of wheat plants at each testing plot was rated and recorded at jointing and milking stages,respectively.The disease index(DI)of treatments with nine coating agents at different wheat growth stages was scored.After being harvested,grain yield of each plot was assessed.Their effects on Fusarium crown rot control and yield increase were evaluated along with wheat yield related traits considered.The results showed that DI values of Fusarium crown rot were all less than 1.0 after treatments at jointing stage,being significantly lower than the monk DI value of 5.07.In the agents tested,the control effects of fludioxonil·clothianidin(33 g·L^(-1)),difenoconazole·imidacloprid(9%),and metalaxylm·fludioxonil(35 g·L^(-1))ranged from 97%to 100%.At milk stage,all crown rot DI values of seed coating agent treatments were less than 15,being significantly lower than the DI value of 81.55.The control effects of metalaxyl-m·fludioxonil(35 g·L^(-1))and

关 键 词：小麦 茎基腐病 种衣剂 病情指数 产量相关性状 

分 类 号：S435.121.4[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]