青海省蚕豆赤斑病主要病原菌分离鉴定、生物学特性研究及室内药剂筛选  

Isolation and Identification of Major Pathogens,Biological Characterization and Indoor Screening of Agents for the Major Pathogenic Fungus of Broad Bean Chocolate Spot in Qinghai Province

作　　者：陈华 喻敏博 侯璐[1] 张贵[1] 刘玉皎[1] CHEN Hua;YU Minbo;HOU Lu;ZHANG Gui;LIU Yujiao(Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences of Qinghai University/Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences of Qinghai Province/Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Management of Agricultural Pests of Qinghai Province/Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau Biotechnology(Qinghai University),Ministry of Education,Xining 810016,China)

机构地区：[1]青海大学农林科学院/青海省农林科学院/青海省农业有害生物综合治理重点实验室/青藏高原生物技术教育部重点实验室,西宁810016

出　　处：《四川农业大学学报》2024年第2期315-321,共7页Journal of Sichuan Agricultural University

基　　金：中国科学院“西部之光”人才培养引进计划项目;现代农业产业技术体系-国家食用豆产业技术体系(CARS-08);青海省农牧业科技创新平台—蚕豆产业技术转化研发平台项目(QNKP-04)。

摘　　要：【目的】明确青海省蚕豆赤斑病主要病原菌的种类,寻找适合病原菌生长的环境条件,并筛选出对蚕豆赤斑病病原菌抑制作用较强的药剂品种。【方法】对蚕豆赤斑病病原菌进行形态学和分子生物学鉴定,并进行生物学特性研究,记录其在不同氮源、碳源和温度条件下的生长情况;选用9种化学药剂进行药剂筛选试验,记录在不同浓度、不同药剂下病原菌的生长情况。【结果】前期鉴定出的菌株中,灰葡萄孢出现频率最高,作为试验的代表菌株。生物学特性结果表明葡萄糖和酵母分别作为最适碳氮源、培养温度为20~25℃时,病原菌的生长速度最快。室内药剂筛选试验表明,噁酮·霜脲氰和代森锰锌2种杀菌剂的EC_(50)值较低,EC_(50)值均小于5.00 mg/L,药物毒力较强。【结论】灰葡萄孢是引起青海省蚕豆赤斑病的主要病原菌之一,葡萄糖和酵母对ZS045B生长的促进效果较强,在20~25℃下培养最适合病原菌的生长,噁酮·霜脲氰和代森锰锌对病原菌ZS045B生长的抑制效果较强。【Objective】The objective of this study was to identify the main pathogens causing chocolate spot disease in broad beans in Qinghai Province,determine the environmental conditions conducive to pathogen growth,and screen for chemical agents with potent inhibitory effects against broad bean chocolate spot.【Method】The pathogen responsible for broad bean chocolate spot was identified through morphological and molecular biology analyses.The biological characteristics of the pathogen were studied,with particular attention to its growth under varying nitrogen and carbon sources and temperatures.Nine chemical agents were selected for the screening test,and the pathogen's growth response to different concentrations and agents was documented.【Result】Among the strains identified in the early stages,Botrytis cinerea was the most prevalent and is considered the representative strain for this study.The pathogen exhibited the fastest growth rate when glucose and yeast extract were used as carbon and nitrogen sources,respectively,with a culture temperature of 20-25℃.Laboratory screening tests revealed that two fungicides,oxanone-cyanurate and mancozeb,had low EC_(50) values,both below 5.00 mg/L,indicating strong toxicity.【Conclusion】Botrytis cinerea is confirmed as one of the primary pathogens responsible for broad bean red spot disease in Qinghai Province.Glucose and yeast extract can enhance the growth of the pathogen strain ZS045B,and a culture temperature of 20-25℃is optimal for its growth.Both oxanone-cyanurate and mancozeb demonstrated strong inhibitory effects on the growth of the pathogen ZS045B and are recommended for further field trials.

关 键 词：青海省 蚕豆赤斑病 生物学特性 病原菌鉴定 药剂筛选 

分 类 号：S436.43[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]