指数施肥对杉木容器育苗基质真菌群落及功能类群的影响  

Response of Fungal Communities in Container Seedling Substrates of Cunninghamia lanceolata to Exponential Fertilization

作　　者：马东旭 王佳琪 蓝伟立 陈块明 李茂 叶义全[1,2] 林开敏 MA Dongxu;WANG Jiaqi;LAN Weili;CHEN Kuaiming;LI Mao;YE Yiquan;LIN Kaimin(College of Forestry,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou 350002,China;China Fir Engineering Technology Research Center,State Forestry and Grassland Administration,Fuzhou 350002,China)

机构地区：[1]福建农林大学林学院,福州350002 [2]国家林业和草原局杉木工程技术研究中心,福州350002

出　　处：《四川农业大学学报》2024年第2期388-396,共9页Journal of Sichuan Agricultural University

基　　金：“十四五”国家重点研发计划项目“杉木大径级无节良材培育的密度控制技术”(2021YFD2201302);“十三五”国家重点研发计划项目“杉木大径材高效培育技术研究”(2016YFD0600301);福建农林大学林学高峰学科建设项目(72202200205)。

摘　　要：【目的】进一步探索杉木幼苗基质真菌群落对指数施肥的整体响应特征。【方法】以杉木无性系“洋061”轻型容器育苗基质为研究对象,通过设置4个浓度梯度的施肥处理(EF1,40 mg/株;EF2,80 mg/株;EF3,120 mg/株;EF4,160 mg/株),对照组不施肥,基于(Illumina MiSeq)高通量测序与FUNGuild真菌功能预测技术,研究不同指数施肥梯度对杉木苗基质理化性质、真菌群落结构及功能类群的影响。【结果】短期指数施肥对基质对真菌多样性没有影响,但能显著提高丰富度指数。粗孢孔目(Trechisporales)肉座菌目(Hypocreales)、粪壳目(Sordariales)、Chaetosphaeriales和被孢霉目(Mortierellales)分别是伞菌纲、粪壳菌纲、被孢霉纲三大优势真菌纲下的优势种群。指数施肥显著提高了肉座菌目相对丰度,显著降低了粪壳目、被孢霉目相对丰度。基质真菌营养类型以腐生型为主,木质腐生真菌为优势功能类群,指数施肥后病理腐生共生过渡型、腐生共生过渡型、植物病原真菌相对丰度显著减少,从枝菌根真菌相对丰度显著增加。RDA分析结果表明,AP、TK和TN是影响基质真菌群落结构与功能类群的主要环境因子。指数施肥显著增加了基质中AP、TN含量,推测指数施肥可能会促进对N、P敏感的真菌类群繁殖,这部分真菌属于腐生营养型与共生营养型,随着施肥量增加,腐生营养性真菌类群逐渐占据主导地位,反而抑制了共生营养型真菌类群生长。【结论】指数施肥能有效提高基质养分有效性,调控真菌优势群落结构,增加共生与腐生型真菌比例,降低病菌含量,为杉木幼苗生长发育提供良好条件。【Objective】This study was designed to further explore the overall response characteristics of the substrate fungal community of Cunninghamia lanceolata seedlings to exponential fertilization.【Method】A light container nursery substrate and the C.lanceolata clone“Yang 061”was chosen as research object.The effects of fertilization treatments with four concentration gradients(EF1,40 mg/plant;EF2,80 mg/plant;EF3,120 mg/plant;EF4,160 mg/plant),as well as a control without any fertilization,on the physical and chemical properties,fungal community structure,and functional groups of C.lanceolata seedling substrate were studied based on(Illumina MiSeq)high throughput sequencing and FUNGuild fungal function prediction techniques.【Result】Short-term exponential fertilization had no effect on the diversity of substrate fungi,but significantly increased the richness index.Trechisporales and Hypocreales,Sordariales,Chaetosphaeriales and Mortierellales were the dominant orders of the three dominant fungal classes of Agaricta,Coprochia,and Mortierellales,respectively.Exponential fertilization significantly increased the relative abundance of Sarcoidales,and significantly decreased the relative abundance of Coproconidiales and Mortierellales.The nutrition types of substrate fungi were primarily saprophytic,while woody saprophytic fungi were the dominant functional group.Following exponential fertilization,the relative abundance of pathological saprophytic symbiotic transition,saprophytic symbiotic transition and plant pathogenic fungi decreased significantly,while the relative abundance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi increased significantly.RDA analysis showed that AP,TK and TN were the main environmental factors affecting the community structure and function of substrate fungi.Exponential fertilization significantly increased the content of AP and TN in the substrate,suggesting that exponential fertilization might promote the reproduction of N-and P-sensitive fungi,which belonged to saprotrophic and symbiotic type

关 键 词：育苗基质 指数施肥 真菌 功能类群 高通量测序 杉木 

分 类 号：S791.27[农业科学—林木遗传育种]