复合采空区覆岩冒落机理及其协同治理方法研究  

Research on the Mechanism of Overlying Strata Caving in Composite Goaf and its Collaborative Treatment Method

作　　者：张东杰 刘泽宇 段晓博 拓明轩 ZHANG Dongjie;LIU Zeyu;DUAN Xiaobo;TUO Mingzuan(Institute of Mining and Coal,Inner Mongolia University of Science&Technology,Baotou,Inner Mongolia O14010,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古科技大学矿业与煤炭学院,内蒙古包头市014010

出　　处：《矿业研究与开发》2024年第4期91-96,共6页Mining Research and Development

基　　金：内蒙古自治区自然科学基金项目(2021BS05011);内蒙古自治区直属高校基本科研业务费资助项目(2022136);内蒙古科技大学科研启动基金项目。

摘　　要：针对某矿浅孔留矿法开采时,复合采空区可能导致冒落冲击及地表陷落等危害问题,采用理论分析与数值模拟相结合的方法进行了覆岩冒落机理及采空区治理方法的研究。通过岩体极限冒落跨度力学分析,计算得到采空区顶板极限冒落跨度为46.4 m,小于采场长度,采空区存在冒落风险;RFPA2D数值模拟结果表明,采动应力影响下采空区暴露空间大小、优势节理组及应力平衡拱的存在是导致覆岩冒落呈现快速—缓慢冒落机制的主要影响因素。对于复合采空区条件下的矿体开采,所留顶柱并不能有效支撑采空区,据此,提出了顺次崩落中段顶柱与地表协同充填的复合采空区治理方法,消除采空区危害的同时,可有效回采40%的顶柱矿量,创收经济效益达1350万元,研究可为矿山复合采空区治理提供借鉴。In response to the hazard problems such as collapse impact and surface subsidence caused by the composite goaf during shallow hole shrinkage mining in a certain mine,a combination of theoretical analysis and numerical simulation was used to study the mechanism of overlying strata caving and the treatment method of goaf.Through mechanical analysis of rock mass ultimate caving span,it is calculated that the ultimate caving span of the goaf roof is 46.4 meters,which is smaller than the length of the goaf,indicating a risk of caving in the goaf.The results of RFPA2D numerical simulation show that the size of exposed space in goaf,the existence of dominant joint group and stress balance arch under the influence of mining stress are the main influencing factors that lead to the rapid-slow caving mechanism of overlying strata.For the mining of ore bodies under the condition of composite goaf,the remaining top pillars can't effectively support the goaf.Therefore,a composite goaf treatment method of caving middle stage top pillars in sequence and surface collaborative filling was proposed.This method can eliminate the hazards of the goaf and effectively recover 40% ore of the top pillars,generating an economic benefit of 13.5 million yuan.The research can provide a reference for the treatment of composite goaf in mines.

关 键 词：浅孔留矿法 复合采空区 极限冒落跨度 采空区治理 地表协同充填 

分 类 号：TD325[矿业工程—矿井建设] TD327