铝合金轨道车辆不同枕梁结构的焊接变形机理及差异性分析  

Analysis of Welding Deformation Mechanism and Differences in Different Sleeper Beam Structures of Aluminum Alloy Rail Vehicles

作　　者：王亚男 刘松 鲍洪阳 肖宇 WANG Yanan;LIU Song;BAO Hongyang;XIAO Yu(CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles Co.,Ltd.,Changchun 130062,China)

机构地区：[1]中车长春轨道客车股份有限公司,吉林长春130062

出　　处：《电焊机》2024年第4期148-153,共6页Electric Welding Machine

摘　　要：铝合金轨道车辆的枕梁焊接强度要求高,焊接热输入量大,焊后变形严重。为探讨铝合金轨道车辆不同枕梁结构在焊接过程中的变形机理及其差异性,采用两种典型的枕梁结构——A型(中间盖板与筋板拼焊)和B型(中间整体型材)进行了详细的焊接试验。试验包括单件组焊、调修矫形、加工和底架组焊四个步骤,每个步骤后均进行严格的尺寸测量,以监测和分析变形情况。试验结果为:用A型枕梁结构单件组焊后平面度7~9.4 mm,经调修矫形与一次加工完毕组焊至底架之后平面度3~4.9 mm,中心孔偏差1.4~3 mm,空气簧中心孔偏差1~1.9 mm,为满足转向架机构装配需求需要进行二次加工。B型枕梁结构单件组焊后平面度4~5.3 mm,经调修矫形与一次加工完毕组焊至底架之后平面度2 mm以下,中心孔偏差在0.15 mm以下,空气簧中心孔偏差在0.1 mm以下,能够满足转向架机构装配需求,无需再进行二次加工。研究表明,采用中间整体型材的B型枕梁结构在焊接变形控制方面显著优于采用中间盖板与筋板拼焊的A型结构。The deflection The sleeper beam of aluminum alloy track vehicles is the central component that connects the bogie and transmits longitudinal compression and traction force to the vehicle body.The welding strength requirements are high,the welding heat input is large,and the deformation after welding is severe.The deformation and warping direction of the sleeper beam structure welded with the middle cover plate and rib plate are consistent with that of the sleeper beam structure welded with the middle integral profile,and the deformation trend and mechanism are the same.However,due to the difference in structural rigidity between panel welding and integrated profiles,the amount of deformation after welding varies.The single component of the sleeper beam structure welded with the middle cover plate and rib plate has a flatness of 7~9.4 mm.After adjustment,correction,and one-time processing,it is welded to the base frame with a flatness of 3~4.9 mm,a center hole deviation of 1.4~3 mm,and an air spring center hole deviation of 1~1.9 mm.To meet the assembly requirements of the bogie mechanism,secondary processing is required.The single piece welding of the sleeper beam structure using the middle integral profile instead of the cover plate and rib plate has a flatness of 4~5.3 mm.After adjustment,correction,and one-time processing,the flatness after welding to the base frame is less than 2 mm,with a center hole deviation of less than 0.15 mm and an air spring center hole deviation of less than 0.1 mm,which can meet the assembly requirements of the bogie mechanism without the need for secondary processing.

关 键 词：枕梁 变形机理 变形量 平面度 结构刚性 

分 类 号：TG404[金属学及工艺—焊接]