水下湿法焊接关键工艺问题及调控措施的研究进展  

Research Progress on Underwater Wet Welding——Key Process Issues and Control Measures

作　　者：李超航 赵博 昝佳岐 王铭贺 刘浩男 LI Chaohang;ZHAO Bo;ZAN Jiaqi;WANG Minghe;LIU Haonan(School of Materials Science and Engineering,Shandong Jianzhu University,Jinan 250101,China.)

机构地区：[1]山东建筑大学材料科学与工程学院,山东济南250101

出　　处：《电焊机》2024年第4期159-169,共11页Electric Welding Machine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年项目(52105378);山东省自然科学基金青年项目(ZR2021QE093)。

摘　　要：水下湿法焊接技术由于其成本低、对工件形状和接头形式限制少、配套设备少等优点已成为国内外水下工程技术研究的热点之一。对比了湿法、局部干法、干法等水下电弧焊方法,分析水下湿法焊接用于大规模海洋设施结构的制造及维护的优势。总结了当前水下湿法焊接工艺中的突出问题:接头氢含量高带来裂纹等风险、水环境中冷却速度过快影响焊缝组织和性能、焊接过程(气泡、电弧、熔滴过渡)不稳定导致接头不可靠。随后分别针对上述工艺问题,总结近十几年来学者提出的调控方法,如通过调整焊材成分、调整工艺参数以及加入隔离措施来降低焊缝中的氢,通过辅助热源及保温措施避免接头过快冷却,通过脉冲焊接电流或附加超声的方法改善气泡、电弧及熔滴过渡的不稳定等。总结了近年来较热门的通过外加辅助能场调控水下湿法焊接的最新进展。Underwater wet welding technology has become a hot research topic in underwater engineering technology both domestically and internationally due to its advantages such as low cost,less restrictions on workpiece shape and joint form,and fewer supporting equipment.This article first compares underwater arc welding methods such as wet method,local dry method,and dry method,and analyzes the advantages of underwater wet welding used for the manufacturing and maintenance of large-scale marine facility structures.Then,the prominent problems in the current underwater wet welding process were summarized:high hydrogen content in the joints brings risks such as cracks,too fast cooling speed in the water environment affects the microstructure and performance of the welds,and unstable welding processes(such as bubbles,arc and droplet transfer)lead to unreliable joints.Subsequently,in response to the above-mentioned process issues,the control methods proposed by scholars in the past decade were summarized,such as adjusting the composition of welding materials,adjusting process parameters,and adding isolation measures to reduce hydrogen in the weld seam,avoiding rapid cooling of the joint through auxiliary heat sources and insulation measures,and improving the instability of bubble,arc,and droplet transfer through pulse welding current or additional ultrasound methods.In addition,the latest developments in the regulation of underwater wet welding through external auxiliary energy fields,which have been popular in recent years,are specifically summarized.

关 键 词：湿法焊接 电弧气泡 能场辅助 熔滴过渡 

分 类 号：TG456.5[金属学及工艺—焊接]