鄂北耕地土壤砷分布特征及其生态效应分析  

Distribution Characteristics and Ecological Effects of Arsenic in Cultivated Soil in Northern Hubei Province

作　　者：杨波 杨文兵 卞超 余瑾 武月星 Yang Bo;Yang Wenbing;Bian Chao;Yu Jin;Wu Yuexing(Eighth Geological Brigade of Hubei Geological Bureau,Xiangyang,Hubei 441000)

机构地区：[1]湖北省地质局第八地质大队,湖北襄阳441000

出　　处：《资源环境与工程》2024年第2期197-203,共7页Resources Environment & Engineering

基　　金：鄂北地区耕地土壤砷的生态效应及治理修复研究(MSDZ202213)。

摘　　要：砷(As)是鄂北地区耕地土壤的主要污染元素之一,其分布特征及生态效应还不清楚。以鄂北宜城、枣阳、随县地区为研究区,采集代表性作物和土壤样品,查明As在土壤中的含量、分布特征、赋存形态以及在作物中的富集特征,探讨As的控制因素,以期为该区土壤污染防治、作物种植布局等提供科学依据。结果表明,As在表层土壤中更加富集,平均含量为21.11 mg/kg,是全国A层土壤背景值的1.88倍;As以残渣态为主,约占总砷的75%,不稳定态中的腐殖酸结合态和强有机结合态约占总砷的13%;As受酸碱度、养分元素、有机质及铁铝氧化物等多重因素的影响,与pH、P含量、铁铝氧化物含量呈一定的正相关关系,与有机质含量呈弱负相关关系;水稻、小麦、玉米等作物从土壤吸收转化的As主要富集于根部,其中水稻稻米对根系土壤As的平均富集系数为1.39%,受危害程度高于小麦和玉米。因此研究区耕地土壤中As含量总体偏高,对主要作物,尤其是水稻存在一定威胁,建议采取施用有机肥和含铁土壤调理剂等措施,对As污染土壤进行修复治理。Arsenic(As)is one of the main pollution element in cultivated soil in northern Hubei Province,and its distribution characteristics and ecological effects are still unclear.Taking Yicheng,Zaoyang,Suixian and other areas in northern Hubei Province as the research areas,representative crop and soil samples were collected to identify the content,distribution characteristics,occurrence forms and enrichment characteristics of As in soil and crops.The control factors of As were discussed in order to provide scientific basis for soil pollution control and crop planting layout in this area.The results show that As is more enriched in the surface soil,with an average content of 21.11 mg/kg,which is 1.88 times of the national A-layer soil background value.As is mainly in the residual state,accounting for about 75%of the total arsenic,and the humic acid-bound state and strong organic-bound state in the unstable state account for about 13%of the total arsenic.As is affected by multiple factors such as pH,nutrient elements,organic matter and iron and aluminum oxides.It has a certain positive correlation with pH,P content and iron and aluminum oxide content,and has a weak negative correlation with organic matter content.The As absorbed and transformed by rice,wheat and corn from the soil is mainly concentrated in the roots.The average enrichment coefficient of As in the root soil is 1.39%,and the degree of damage is higher than that of wheat and corn.Therefore,the content of As in the cultivated soil in the study area is generally high,which poses a certain threat to the main crops,especially rice.It is suggested that measures such as organic fertilizer and Fe-containing soil conditioner should be adopted to control and repair As-contaminated soil.

关 键 词：砷 耕地土壤 分布特征 赋存形态 生态效应 鄂北地区 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程] S153[农业科学—土壤学]