日本城乡融合发展中农地资源优化配置的政策分析与启示  

Policy Analysis and Enlightenment of the Optimal Allocation of Agricultural Land Resources in the Process of Urbanization in Japan

作　　者：于蓉蓉 刘同山 YU Rongrong;LIU Tongshan(Information Center for Social Sciences,Renmin University of China,Beijing,100872,China;Institute of New Rural Development,Yunnan Agriculture University,Kunming,Yunnan,650201,China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学书报资料中心,北京100872 [2]云南农业大学新农村发展研究院,云南昆明650201

出　　处：《现代日本经济》2024年第2期83-94,共12页Contemporary Economy OF Japan

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“农业土地规模化与服务规模化路径比较及其优化协调研究”(23BJY1);2023年度中国农业期刊网研究基金项目“二次文献转载对农业农村问题研究的影响分析”(CAJW2022-071)。

摘　　要：优化农地资源配置是促进农业适度规模经营,建立健全城乡融合体制机制和政策体系的重要措施。研究表明日本虽然是以超小规模农户为主体的国家,但在城乡融合发展中不断优化农地资源配置,近年来,农业企业数量增加、户均经营规模扩大,经营主体年轻化趋势明显、进而促进了农业经营性收入增加。其主要政策是放宽农地流转政策门槛、提升撂荒农地的持有成本、搭建农地流转公共平台、降低农地流转交易成本、发展新型农业经营主体、金融助力规模经营和完善农村社会保障制度。基于中国农业农村发展现状,建议稳步推动适度规模经营、完善集体经济所有权制度、中介组织协调功能和农村社会保障制度,加强财政补贴力度。Optimising the allocation of agricultural land resources is important to promote the development of adequate scale management and the modernisation of agriculture and rural areas.Research shows that although Japan is an ultra-small scale farmers as the main country,the agricultural management structure has been continuously optimized.The number of agricultural enterprises has increased,the average operating scale of households has expanded,and the trend of younger operating entities has become obvious,which has thus promoted the increase of agricultural operating income,in recent years.Its main policies were to relax the policy threshold of agricultural land transfer,to increase the holding cost of abandoned agricultural land,to build a public platform for agricultural land transfer,to reduce the transaction cost of agricultural land transfer,financially assist for large-scale operation,to promote the development of new agricultural operation entities and improve the rural social security system.Based on the current situation of China's agricultural and rural development,it is suggested to steadily promote appropriately scaled operation and improve the collective economy ownership system and the rural social security system.

关 键 词：日本 农地 城乡融合发展 适度规模经营 农村社会保障制度 

分 类 号：F133.130[经济管理—世界经济]