论武术套路技术的“技击性”  

Fighting Function of the Techniques of Wushu Routine

作　　者：刘文武 LIU Wenwu(School of Physical Education and Health,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200241,China)

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学体育与健康学院,上海200241

出　　处：《体育学研究》2024年第1期63-69,81,共8页Journal of Sports Research

基　　金：上海市哲学社会科学规划课题一般项目(2021BTY002);中央高校基本科研业务费项目(2023ECNU-YYJ018)。

摘　　要：技击性需要在具体情境中才能得以彰显,而具体情境中技击性的彰显包含了多种因素。它们所起作用虽然有大有小,但各司其职,能够从不同方面对武术的技击做出贡献。以此反观武术套路技术,主要包括了由内而外的4个层次:核心层一攻一防的单个动作、第二层攻防兼具的组合技术、第三层奋己惊人的抡拍技术和最外层显示功巧的花式技术。4个层次技术在各种武术套路中都不同程度地存在,构成了武术套路技术技击性的复合特征。由此得出研究启示:①用于提升传统武术技击性的技术载体须依托于武术套路核心层的一攻一防的单个动作;②用于学校武术教育的技术载体应选择以攻防兼具的组合技术为主体构成的武术套路;③用于竞技和表演的武术套路应在奋己惊人的抡拍技术和显示功巧的花式技术基础上,适当增加表现攻防的技术的比重。The fighting function needs to be demonstrated in specific situations,which contains multiple factors.Although the significance of these factors may vary from one another,each plays its own role and contributes to Wushu from different aspects.In this way,Wushu routine technology mainly includes four levels from the inside out:the core layer of a single action of attack and defense,the second layer of a combination of both attack and defense,the third layer of amazing swinging technique,and a fancy technique that displays skill in the outermost layer.The four levels of technique exist to different degrees in all kinds of Wushu routines,which constitute the composite fighting function of Wushu routine techniques.The research therefore suggests:①the technical carrier used to improve the fighting function of traditional Wushu must rely on the single action of one attack and one defense in the core layer of Wushu routine;②the technical carrier used in school Wushu education should choose the Wushu routine composed of a combination technique of both attack and defense;③Wushu routines used for competition and performance should appropriately increase the proportion of attack and defense techniques on the basis of the amazing swing technique and the fancy technique of showing skill.

关 键 词：传统武术 武术套路 武术技术 技击性 武术教育 武术竞技 武术表演 

分 类 号：G852[文化科学—民族体育]