重载铁路断轨应急装置结构分析与优化  

Structure analysis and optimization of rail-breaking emergency device for heavy-haul railway

作　　者：李文斌 彭启钰 刘衍璋 徐风远 张骞[1,2] LI Wenbin;PENG Qiyu;LIU Yanzhang;XU Fengyuan;ZHANG Qian(College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Qingdao University,Qingdao 266071;National Engineering Laboratory for High-speed Train System Integration,CRRC Qingdao Sifang Co.,Ltd.,Qingdao 266111)

机构地区：[1]青岛大学机电工程学院,山东青岛266071 [2]中车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司高速列车系统集成国家工程实验室,山东青岛266111

出　　处：《机械设计》2024年第3期35-41,共7页Journal of Machine Design

基　　金：山东省自然科学基金资助项目(ZR2019PEE011)。

摘　　要：重载铁路钢轨发生断裂事故时,可采用应急装置夹紧断轨来保证短时间内铁路的安全运输,为使救援工作更便捷,在原有设计基础上进行优化。文中以大秦线重载铁路钢轨为研究对象,用ABAQUS软件建立有限元模型,分析影响应急装置安全性的因素,确定装置工作的最不利工况,从而进行方案优化并分析验证。结果表明:应急夹板与螺栓的应力随着荷载作用点逐渐远离断轨位置,呈三次多项式非线性减小;应急夹板与螺栓的应力和位移随温度的变化而变化;在低温-40℃至高温50℃范围内,通过改变螺栓大小和夹板材质,在满足强度要求的前提下,确定优化组合及其安全工作的环境温度范围。When the heavy-haul railway suffers the rail fracture accidents,the emergency device can be used to clamp the broken rail to ensure the railway's safe transportation in a short time.In order to make the rescue more convenient,this emergen-cy device should be optimized based on the original design.In this article,with the focus on the Daqin Line heavy-haul railway's rail,the finite-element model is set up with the help of the ABAQUS software to explore the influencing factors of the emergency device's safety and determine the most unfavorable working conditions;then,the scheme is optimized and verified.The results show that the stress of the emergency splint and the bolt decreases linearly in the cubic polynomial form,with the load point mov-ing away from the position where rail breaking occurs.Both the stress and the displacement of the emergency splint and the bolt change with the temperature,which are greater at-40℃of low temperature than those at 50 C of high temperature.By chan-ging the bolt's size and the splint's materials,while meeting the strength requirements,both the optimal combination and the range of the ambient temperature for safe operation are determined.

关 键 词：断轨 应急夹板 优化 垂向力 横向力 

分 类 号：U216.4[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程]