东方的逆写与反思:论老舍在《二马》里的“西方主义”写作实践  

The East Writes back with National Reflections:On Lao She's“Occidentalist”Writing in Mr.Ma and Son

作　　者：柯英 Ke Ying

机构地区：[1]东南大学外国语学院

出　　处：《中国比较文学》2024年第1期118-132,共15页Comparative Literature in China

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目“‘纽约知识分子学派’文化共同体思想及其诗学话语研究”(编号:22AWW006)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：老舍早期的异域体验小说《二马》一般被视为对比中英国民性和文化差异的作品,在后殖民的理论视野中又成为一个展现东方主义话语的文本。但《二马》的独特之处在于,它是一种二重透视,透过中国人的眼光来观察英国人眼中的中国人,并且戏拟东方主义反向塑造了荒唐可笑的英国人。老舍把西方逆写为他者,同时挪用西方对东方的刻板印象凸显种族主义和西方霸权的欺骗性和狭隘性,以小说为试验场,进行了一次独具匠心的“西方主义”写作实践。《二马》里的“西方主义”是来自东方的抵抗,也是老舍对民族身份的反思。理想的国民形象应该是在东西方的碰撞中扬长避短、兼收并蓄的综合型人才。老舍的“西方主义”是走向民族自信自强之路的有益探索。Mr.Ma and Son,Lao She's early work of foreign experience,is generally interpreted as a novel showing the differences of national traits and cultures between China and the UK and also as a postcolonial text revealing Orientalist discourse.The uniqueness of Mr.Ma and Son,however,lies in its double perspective,i.e.,the Chinese view of the Englishman's view of the Chinese,and its parody of Orientalism in characterizing the absurd Englishman.Lao She writes about the West as the Other as the West usually does,and appropriates the stereotyped Eastern images to shed light on the deceptiveness and narrow-mindedness of racism and Western hegemony.His novel writing is a special approach to his Occidentalism,which is the resistance from the East as well as the reflection on the national identity.When faced with the conflict between the East and the West,the ideal Chinese citizen should be inclusive of the advantages and alert to the disadvantages of both parties.Lao She's Occidentalism is a meaningful exploration on the way to national confidence and strength.

关 键 词：《二马》 “西方主义” 他者 自我挪用 民族身份 

分 类 号：I207.42[文学—中国文学]