功能衰微与泛政治化:苏丹政党政治的演变与特点  

The Transformation of Party Politics and Its Characteristics in Sudan

作　　者：张璡 ZHANG Jin(Shanghai International Studies University)

机构地区：[1]上海外国语大学政治学流动站,上海200083

出　　处：《阿拉伯世界研究》2024年第1期83-105,159,共24页Arab World Studies

摘　　要：在苏丹政坛上出现过的政党大致可以分为宗派政党、左翼政党、政治伊斯兰政党、地区政党和政权党五种类型。从政党体系的角度看,苏丹经历过多党制、一党制和政权党主导下的多党制三种政党体系。多党制是殖民时代延续下来的政党体系,体系中的主导政党是宗派政党。后两种政党体系是军队干政后建立的,这一过程涉及政党与军队的“共谋”。政党在军队干政中扮演了积极角色,主动引入军队的力量以打击政治对手或追求自己的政治目的。这在一定程度上是政党之间非制度化竞争的表现。从长期来看,军队的介入削弱了政党在政治生活中的制度化功能。自巴希尔执政以来,政党的社会基础逐渐流失,政治代表与表达功能弱化。与此同时,各类社会组织开始发挥本应由政党行使的代表和表达功能。这些组织通过非制度化方式参与政治,它们的兴起是苏丹社会泛政治化的表现。在泛政治化社会中,政党作为制度化政治参与渠道的作用受到了极大限制。The political parties that have appeared in the political scene of Sudan can be categorized into five types,which are sectarian parties,leftist parties,political Islam parties,regional parties and regime parties.Sudan has seen three party systems,the multi⁃party system,the one⁃party system and the multi⁃party system dominated by the regime party.The multi⁃party system was formed during the decolonization period,dominated by sectarian parties.While the last two systems were established after the military took power.The two reshaping of party systems involved collaboration between parties and the military.Some parties had played active roles in introducing the military intervention,seeking to repress the rivals and achieve their own political purposes by the force of military.In some extent,this represented the uninstitutionalized competition between political parties.In the long term,the military intervention has weakened the institutionalized functions of political parties in the political life.From the Bashir era,the social base of political parties has been undermined,and their function of political representation and expression has been weakened.Meanwhile,different types of social organizations began to function as venues of political representation and expression.These groups participated in politics in uninstitutionalized ways,whose rise is a sign of over politicization of Sudanese society.In a highly politicized society,the function of the political party as a political institution is much constrained.

关 键 词：苏丹 政党体系 政党政治 军队干政 泛政治化 

分 类 号：D815[政治法律—国际关系]