试论新出曾国铜器与《诗经·召南》问题  

A Study of the Relationship Between the Newly Unearthed Bronze Artifacts of Zeng State and The Book of Songs:Odes of Shaonan

作　　者：吴超[1,2] Wu Chao(School of Literature,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,China;Digital Publishing Research Center,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310028,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学文学院,浙江杭州310058 [2]浙江大学数字出版研究中心,浙江杭州310028

出　　处：《浙江大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2024年第3期150-159,共10页Journal of Zhejiang University:Humanities and Social Sciences

基　　金：国家资助博士后研究人员计划资助项目(GZC20232356)。

摘　　要：叶家山西周早期曾国墓地的发现具有十分重要的学术价值。其中,M111出土铸铭“南公”和“太保”等铜器,且其墓所出曾侯器中有铸铭“父乙”日名的现象,为深入探讨曾国与周王室、南宫氏家族与召公家族等的关系提供了新的证据。再结合相关出土文献材料,发现曾国与召公家族存在使用日名、与“南国”关系密切、出土大量族氏铭文铜器等诸多相似之处。由此可对《诗经·召南》相关问题进行探讨,明确《甘棠》中的“召伯”为“召公奭”,“召南”之“南”为“南土”,即“南方诸国”。这为进一步探讨曾国与召公关系以及叶家山出土铜器族氏铭文的来源问题提供了新的思路,也为全面探讨曾国历史提供了新的路径。The discovery in a large number of unearthed documents associated with Zeng State has recently received extraordinary attention from the academic community.A comprehensive study of the inscriptions on the surfaces of bronze artifacts from Zeng State can further clarify the sources of the written materials and facilitate the exploration of the history and social relations of Zeng State.In particular,the excavation results in Wenfengta cemetery,Yejiashan cemetery,and Zaoshulin cemetery in Suizhou,not only enrich the diversity of archaeological research in Zeng State but also makes up for the lack of the handed-down literature records.Sorting out the inscriptions on bronze artifacts of Zeng State involves using approaches such as analysis of the structure and radical of characters to interpret the characters from three aspects,including their forms,sounds,and meanings.In addition,it can also involve an integrated study on the historical background by comparing unearthed documents and handed-down literatures.Therefore,it is beneficial not only for a more comprehensive archaeological observation of the history of Zeng State but also for further improvement of the study of Western Zhou history.There are extensive written records associated with“the Nangong clan”(南宫氏)in the handed-down literatures.Although there is no mention of“the Southern Duke”(南公),it can be confirmed from many unearthed bronze artifacts such as“Dayu Ding-tripod”(大盂鼎),“Nangong Hu Bell”(南宫乎钟),and“Marquis Yu of Zeng’s chime-bells”(曾侯编钟)that“the Southern Duke”is another name for“Nangong”(南宫).Combined with the newly unearthed bronze artifacts such as“Marquis Yu of Zeng’s chime-bells”and“Duke Qiu of Zeng’s chime-bells”(曾公编钟),as well as related unearthed documents,it can be inferred that“Bo Kuo”(伯括),also known as“Nangong Kuo”(南宫括),was the ancestor of Zeng State.He once assisted King Wen and King Wu of the Zhou dynasty and participated in the war against

关 键 词：曾国 铜器 新出文献 南公 召公 《诗经·召南》 

分 类 号：I207.22[文学—中国文学] K876.41[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]