从私权视角论我国《商标法》的结构与重构  

On the Structure and Reconstruction of China's Trademark Law from the Perspective of Private Rights

作　　者：金海军 Jin Haijun

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学法学院

出　　处：《知识产权》2024年第3期3-20,共18页Intellectual Property

摘　　要：我国《商标法》四十余年的发展进程,既反映了从商标管理向商标权保护的转向,也是商标法向民法回归的过程。面对我国商标领域存在的诸多问题,《商标法》的修改不仅需要就具体的条文加以改进,更有必要进行结构性改革。新一轮的《商标法》修订应当遵循《民法典》所确立的保护知识产权的原则和精神,突出商标法的私权保护目标。通过梳理我国商标制度的历史演变,可以发现我国《商标法》虽经多次修改,但由于实行以商标管理为优先的宗旨,故其仍然具有明显的公法色彩,整体呈现为程序性公法规范较强而私法规范薄弱的特点。选择法国、德国、日本、英国和美国的商标法文本进行比较研究,详细分析它们的条文安排与结构特征,可从中归纳出不同的模式,根据“私法为体、公法为用”的原则,参酌国外立法模式,探讨我国《商标法》进行结构调整的可能方案。The development of China's Trademark Law over last four decades not only reflects a transition from trademark administration to trademark protection,but also a reintegration into civil law.Confronted with various problems in the field of trademarks in China,the revision of the Trademark Law lies on not only specific provisions,but also structural overhauls.The forthcoming revision of the Trademark Law should adhere to the principles of intellectual property protection established in the Chinese Civil Code,with a particular emphasis on protecting private rights within Trademark Law.Reflecting on the historical trajectory of China's trademark system,despite numerous revisions,the Trademark Law retains a pronounced public law orientation,owing to it historical emphasis on trademark administration.This is evidenced by its prevalent procedural public law norms and relatively weak private law norms.This paper conducts a comparative analysis of trademark laws from France,Germany,Japan,the United Kingdom and the United States,scrutinizing their provisions'arrangement and structural characteristics to sum up different models.Finally,based on the principle of"private law as the foundation,public law as the application",this paper explores potential structural adjustments to China's Trademark Law,drawing insights from foreign legislative frameworks.

关 键 词：商标法 商标管理 商标权 私权 公法 法律结构 

分 类 号：D923.43[政治法律—民商法学]