晚清山西土地清丈与鱼鳞册攒造  

Land Surveys and the Compilation of Fish-Scale Land Registers in Shanxi Province during the late Qing Dynasty

作　　者：胡英泽[1] Hu Yingze

机构地区：[1]山西大学中国社会史研究中心

出　　处：《历史研究》2024年第3期95-120,M0005,共27页Historical Research

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“中国地籍管理史研究”(23&ZD251)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：为解决鱼麟册失修与灾害带来的田赋混乱问题,晚清山西各地相继开展土地清丈与鱼鳞册攒造活动,尤以解州等地成效显著,成为晚清土地清丈的典范。这次清丈重建鱼鳞册制度,形成地方政府直接掌握的土地登记与钱粮征收册籍体系,里甲体系也得到重塑。从各地清丈章程与现存鱼鳞册实物看,清丈系履亩实丈,鱼鳞册登记的土地数字具有实际意义。同时,山西各地的清丈关联密切,其开展离不开以阎敬铭与张之洞为中心形成的土地清丈官员网络圈。随着官员调任升迁,山西清丈经验得到重视,影响有一定扩大。In the late Qing Dynasty,in order to resolve problems associated with neglected"fish-scale"land registers and chaotic land taxation brought about by disaster,various parts of Shanxi Province carried out land surveys and the compilation of land registers.These efforts were successful in some areas,such as Haizhou,which became a model for land surveys in the late Qing Dynasty.These surveys and the restoration of land registers led to the re-establishment of a land and tax registry system directly controlled by local governments,which also facilitated reforms of the Li-jia system.Based on an examination of the survey regulations and surviving land registers,this article demonstrates that the registers accurately recorded physical land areas,not abstract taxable units of land.The land surveys in various parts of Shanxi were closely related,and their expansion was inseparable from a"network of land survey officials"that revolved around Yan Jingming and Zhang Zhidong.With the assignment and promotion of Shanxi local officials,the land survey experiences of Shanxi received wider attention and their influence spread beyond the province.

关 键 词：晚清 山西 土地清丈 鱼鳞册 田赋 

分 类 号：K249[历史地理—历史学]