大都市圈网络外部性的借用规模分析——以上海大都市圈为例  

Analysis of Borrowing Scale of Metropolitan Network Externalities:A Case Study of the Shanghai Metropolitan Area

作　　者：黄建中[1] 许燕婷 胡刚钰 何杨 赵渺希[2] HUANG Jianzhong;XU Yanting;HU Gangyu;HE Yang;ZHAO Miaoxi

机构地区：[1]同济大学建筑与城市规划学院,上海200092 [2]华南理工大学建筑与城市规划学院,广东广州510200

出　　处：《城市发展研究》2024年第3期16-23,共8页Urban Development Studies

基　　金：国家自然科学基金“基于空间活动的大都市区多层网络结构的识别、评价与优化方法研究”(批准号:52178049)。

摘　　要：城市网络外部性可以更好地解释跨地理空间的区域联系,而借用规模理论能够进一步分析在网络外部性的影响下城市可能存在的“借用规模”、“集聚阴影”效应。以上海大都市圈71个区县为研究案例,基于借用规模理论分析大都市圈网络外部性特征及其影响因素。研究发现:(1)上海大都市圈跨区县通勤联系呈现“一核多极”等级化的职住结构,而非通勤联系呈现相对均衡、网络化的结构特征。(2)基于通勤联系的上海大都市圈网络外部性的借用规模效应集中在都市圈的核心发展地区,而基于非通勤联系的借用规模效应集中在都市圈外围的后发展地区。(3)基于通勤联系的上海大都市圈网络外部性的区域相对绩效水平与区县GDP、道路密度呈正相关,而与居住人口规模呈负相关;基于非通勤联系的上海大都市圈网络外部性的区域相对绩效水平与区县居住人口规模、区县GDP、区县工业用地占比呈负相关,与公园和绿地面积占比、道路密度呈正相关。相比于通勤联系,非通勤活动比通勤活动的出行成本弹性更大,居民更倾向于花费较大的出行成本跨城获得高等级的商业、医疗教育和自然景区等高等服务资源。因此,在制定大都市圈发展政策时,应重视城市嵌入在区域中不同功能网络外部性效应;把握大都市圈发展的“借用规模”、“集聚阴影”规律,通过不同发展优势的城市之间互动规避集聚阴影效应;关注大都市圈的交通短板,这是获得积极的区域网络外部性的关键。Urban network externalities offer a lens through which to better understand regional connections across geographical spaces.The Borrowing Scale Theory provides a framework to delve deeper into the'borrowing scale'and'agglomeration shadow'effects that cities may experience under the influence of network externalities.This study focuses on the Shanghai Metropolitan Area,analyzing its 71 districts and counties to investigate the characteristics of metropolitan network externalities and their influencing factors.The study found that:First,the commuting connections across districts and counties in the Shanghai Metropolitan Area exhibit a hierarchical structure of'one core,multiple poles'in terms of residential and employment patterns,rather than a relatively balanced and networked commuting structure.Second,the borrowing scale effect of network externalities in the Shanghai Metropolitan Area based on commuting connections is concentrated in the core development areas of the metropolitan area,while the borrowing scale effect based on noncommuting connections is concentrated in the peripheral areas of the metropolitan area.Third,the regional relative performance level of network externalities in the Shanghai Metropolitan Area based on commuting connections is positively correlated with the GDP and road density of the districts and counties,and negatively correlated with the residential population size.On the other hand,the regional relative performance level of network externalities in the Shanghai Metropolitan Area based on non-commuting connections is negatively correlated with the residential population size,GDP,and the proportion of industrial land,and positively correlated with the proportion of parks and green spaces and road density.Therefore,when formulating development policies for metropolitan areas,attention should be paid to the different functional network externalities of cities embedded in the region;grasp the'borrowing scale'and'agglomeration shadow'laws of metropolitan development;interact between citie

关 键 词：出行联系 网络外部性 借用规模 集聚阴影 上海大都市圈 

分 类 号：TU984[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]