作为新主体的“网络公众”——荷兰城市遗产保护中的在线参与机制  

The New Subjects of“Online Publics”:Online Participation Mechanisms in Dutch Urban Heritage Conservation

作　　者：管永康 祁天娇 GUAN Yongkang;QI Tianjiao(School of Literature,Nankai University,Tianjin 300071,China;School of Information Resource Management,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872,China;Institute of Digital Humanities,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872,China)

机构地区：[1]南开大学文学院,天津300071 [2]中国人民大学信息资源管理学院,北京100872 [3]中国人民大学数字人文研究院,北京100872

出　　处：《旅游科学》2024年第3期62-80,共19页Tourism Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“文化大数据背景下古村落多源异构档案的知识融合研究”(21CTQ028);国家留学基金委公派联合培养博士生项目“数字人文支持下的城市遗产保护与再利用”(202206200061);天津市研究生科研创新项目“消费文化下天津城市遗产的形态演化与保护策略研究”(2021YJSB011)。

摘　　要：作为遗产包容性保护的重要环节,传统线下公众参与模式参与途径少、地域限制大、人员组织难的弊端逐渐显露。在数字信息技术高速发展的当下,荷兰积极搭建在线参与平台,“网络公众”作为新主体参与到了城市遗产保护实践中,使跨越时空的普遍联系成为可能。文章选取荷兰9个在线参与平台为案例,通过线上参与式观察与访谈,探索城市遗产保护中的在线参与机制。研究发现:(1)“数字叙事”通过“叙事编码-叙事解码-设计专题”的逻辑,将碎片化的个人叙事材料转化为系统性的遗产保护参照,实现了遗产认知的集体表达;“数字制图”基于“参与-转译-传播-反馈”的循环运作机制,为遗产空间记忆呈现提供了路径。(2)“数字祛魅”与“政策转向”让网络公众参与的技术阻碍趋于消解、参与权利逐步明确,保障了在线参与机制的民主性与公平性。(3)中国可以从“网络公众”参与引导、参与路径、参与正义三个层面学习荷兰的经验,建构符合我国国情的在线参与机制。As Covid-19 spreads around the world,the disadvantages of traditional offline public participation as an important part of inclusive heritage conservation management have gradually become apparent,as there are few ways to participate,large geographical restrictions and difficulties in organizing people.With the rapid development of digital information technologies,the Dutch have actively set up online participation platforms,and the“online public”has become a new subject to participate in urban heritage conservation practices,making it possible to connect across time and space.The article selected nine online participation platforms in the Dutch and analysed the online participation mechanisms in urban heritage conservation through online participatory observation and interviews.The study found that:1)Digital narrative transforms fragmented personal narrative materials into systematic heritage conservation references through the operational mechanisms of narrative coding,narrative decoding,and thematic design,and achieves the collective expression of heritage cognition;Digital mapping is based on a circular mechanism of“participation-translation-dissemination-feedback”,which provides paths for the presentation of heritage spatial memory.2)The digital demystification and policy shift have made the technical obstacles to online public participation disappear and the right to participate gradually become clear,which is the basic guarantee for the justice of the online participation mechanism.3)China can learn from the experience of the Dutch on three levels:participation guidance,participation paths and participation justice,making up for the shortcomings of the mechanism,so that the online public can participate as a new subject in the practice of urban heritage conservation in China.

关 键 词：遗产保护 网络公众 公众参与 网络媒介 荷兰 

分 类 号：TP393.09[自动化与计算机技术—计算机应用技术]