高超声速流场激光测速技术研究进展  

RESEARCH PROGRESS OF LASER DIAGNOSTICS FOR VELOCIMETRY IN HYPERSONIC FLOWS

作　　者：栗继伟 罗凯 尚甲豪 王业军 汪球[1] 赵伟 Li Jiwei;Luo Kai;Shang Jiahao;Wang Yejun;Wang Qiu;Zhao Wei(State Key Laboratory of High Temperature Gas Dynamics,Institute of Mechanics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China;School of Engineer Science,University of Chinese Academy of Science,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院力学研究所高温气体动力学国家重点实验室,北京100190 [2]中国科学院大学工程科学学院,北京100049

出　　处：《力学学报》2024年第4期890-914,共25页Chinese Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(12272386,12072353);中国科学院青年创新促进会(2021020)资助项目。

摘　　要：高超声速气流条件下飞行器内/外部流动中存在强湍流及脉动、边界层转捩、激波-边界层干扰和高温真实气体效应等耦合效应,表征该非定常流动现象对飞行器气动力、气动热以及目标光电特性等产生的影响是高超声速流动研究中的前沿课题.速度作为表征流动过程最重要的参数之一,准确的速度测量对于深入理解上述复杂流动-传输机理以及高超声速飞行器设计具有重要指导意义.文章针对高超声速流场速度测量中几种常用的非接触式激光测试技术进行了综述,主要包括基于空间法的粒子图像测速,基于激光吸收光谱、激光诱导荧光和瑞利散射的多普勒测速,基于飞行时间法的分子标记测速,以及基于流场折射率的聚焦激光差分干涉测速技术.首先简要介绍每种激光测速技术的基本原理,然后进一步介绍该技术在高超声速自由流、层/湍流边界层、激波/边界层干扰、尾流或其他复杂流动区域的速度及其脉动度测量等方面的典型应用,分析各种技术环境适用性及面临的局限性和挑战.最后对基于激光技术的高超声速流场速度测量进行了总结及发展趋势展望.Coupling effects such as strong turbulence and turbulent fluctuation,boundary layer transition,shock waveboundary layer interaction,and high-temperature real gas effects can exist in internal and/or external flows of vehicles under hypersonic flow conditions.Characterization of unsteady flow phenomena induced by these coupling effects becomes much more complicated with an increase in flight Mach number,which can have a significant impact on the performances of the hypersonic vehicle’s aerodynamic force,aerodynamic heat,and aero-optical effects,it is,therefore,a cutting-edge research area in hypersonic flows.Velocity is one of the most critical parameters to characterize flow processes,its field is also widely used to characterize the spatial distribution of kinetic energy,which accounts for most of the total energy of hypersonic flow fields.Hence,accurate velocity measurement is of importance to an in-depth understanding of the complex flow-transport mechanisms and design of hypersonic vehicles.So,the main objective of this paper is to review commonly-used,non-intrusive laser-based diagnostic technologies developed for velocimetry in hypersonic flow fields,such as particle imaging velocimetry(PIV)based on spatial method;Doppler-shift velocimetry with laser absorption spectroscopy(LAS),laser-induced fluorescence(LIF)and Rayleigh scattering(RS);molecular tagging velocimetry(MTV)based on time-of-flight method;and focused laser differential interference(FLDI)based on the gradient of refractive index.First,the basic principles of these laser-based diagnostic technologies for velocimetry are briefly introduced.Typical applications are then presented for those laser-based diagnostic technologies to determine velocity distributions and corresponding fluctuations in freestream,laminar/turbulent boundary layer,shock waveboundary interaction,wake and/or other complex flow regions of hypersonic flows.Furthermore,the adaptabilities of test environment,limitations and challenges of these laser-based technologies are further

关 键 词：高超声速流动 速度场 非接触式测量 激光诊断 飞秒激光脉冲 

分 类 号：V211[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程]