弃土坡面不同建植恢复方式的减流减沙效应  

Effects of Different Planting Restoration Patterns on Runoff and Sediment Redution on Abandoned Soil Slopes

作　　者：赵黎明 陈磊[1,2] 朱昊宇 刘旦旦[1,2] 张靖雨 夏小林 汪邦稳[1,2] Zhao Liming;Chen Lei;Zhu Haoyu;Liu Dandan;Zhang Jingyu;Xia Xiaolin;Wang Bangwen(Anhui and Huaihe River Institute of Hydraulic Research,Hefei,Anhui 230088,China;Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Water Conservancy and Water Resources,Bengbu,Anhui 233000,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽省·水利部淮河水利委员会水利科学研究院,安徽合肥230088 [2]水利水资源安徽省重点实验室,安徽蚌埠233000

出　　处：《水土保持通报》2024年第1期20-28,39,共10页Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：安徽省自然科学基金“水科学”联合资助项目“不同土石含量弃渣场的水土流失规律与防治技术研究”(2208085US21);安徽省·水利部淮河水利委员会水利科学研究院青年科技创新资助项目(KY202002);安徽省·水利部淮河水利委员会水利科学研究院青年科技创新资助项目(KY202102)。

摘　　要：[目的]生产建设项目弃土场进行植被恢复后能够有效防治水土流失。探讨弃土场不同植被恢复方式的减流减沙效果,可以为弃土场后续治理与监管提供理论依据。[方法]选取皖西大别山区生产建设项目弃土,通过人工模拟降雨试验获得不同建植方式(撒播、条播、穴播)和植被恢复阶段(生长期、成熟期、枯萎期)的弃土坡面产流产沙特征,并利用累积距平等方法分析其规律和差异。[结果]相对裸坡,植被恢复可有效延缓初始产流时间,撒播种植的效果最为明显。不同建植方式均起到一定的减流减沙效应,坡面累积产流产沙量呈现出:撒播<条播<穴播<裸坡以及生长期<成熟期<枯萎期的规律;坡面产沙与产流过程存在差异性,减流效应弱于减沙效应。[结论]建植方式减流减沙效益表现为撒播优于条播,穴播最差。生长期减流减沙效益优于成熟期,枯萎期最差。撒播方式在生长期内呈现出最佳的减流减沙效益,减流率和减沙率分别达到49.6%,95.5%。[Objective]Vegetation restoration can effectively prevent and control soil and water loss on abandoned dreg field of production and construction projects.The runoff and sediment redution effects of various vegetation restoration patterns in an abandoned dreg field were studied to provide a theoretical basis for subsequent management and supervision of the area.[Methods]An artificial rainfall simulation experiment was set up to obtain the runoff and sediment production characteristics of a slope surface covered with selected waste slags under different planting patterns(broadcast sowing,drill sowing and hole sowing)and vegetation restoration stages(growth,maturity and withering periods)from the production and construction projects in the Dabie Mountains of Western Anhui Province,and the patterns and differences were analyzed by methods such as cumulative average deviation.[Results]Compared with bare slope,vegetation restoration effectively delayed the initial runoff generation time.The most obvious effect was observed for broadcast sowing.Various planting patterns exhibited varying degrees of effectiveness in reducing runoff and sediment,with the overall runoff and sediment output from a slope following the order of bare slope>hole sowing>drill sowing>broadcast sowing,and withering period>maturity period>growth period.The production of sediment and runoff were characterized by distinct processes,and the effect of reducing runoff was weaker than that of reducing sediment.[Conclusion]The runoff and sediment reduction benefits of planting methods were shown to be greater for broadcast sowing than for drill sowing,with hole sowing being the worst.The efficacy of reducing runoff and sediment during the growth period surpassed that of the maturity period,while the withering period yielded the least benefits.Among the various sowing patterns,broadcast sowing exhibited the highest efficiency in reducing runoff and sediment during the growth period,with rates of 49.6%and 95.5%respectively.

关 键 词：弃土场 人工模拟降雨 植被建植 产流产沙 累积距平方法 皖西大别山区 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]