土壤秸秆注孔对土壤含水量及作物生长的影响  

Effects of Soil Straw Hole Injection on Soil Moisture Content and Crop Growth

作　　者：李梦琦 肖辉 张慧 高贤彪 程文娟[1] 董昱辰 张余良[1] 陈坤 Li Mengqi;Xiao Hui;Zhang Hui;Gao Xianbiao;Cheng Wenjuan;Dong Yuchen;Zhang Yuliang;Chen Kun(Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Tianjin 300384,China;School of Environmental Science and Engineering,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300350,China;Tianjin Yapailvfei Biotechnology Science and Technology Development Company Limited,Tianjin 301600,China)

机构地区：[1]天津市农业科学院,天津300384 [2]天津大学环境科学与工程学院,天津300350 [3]天津亚派绿肥生物科技发展有限公司,天津301600

出　　处：《水土保持通报》2024年第1期50-56,共7页Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目“环渤海盐碱地耕地质量与产能提升技术模式及应用”(2021YFD190090505,2021YFD190090407);天津市技术创新引导专项“花苗木(月季)养分高效利用关键技术研究”(21YDTPJC00920);天津市农业科学院青年科技创新项目“基于秸秆还田的农田固碳增汇技术研究”(2022007)。

摘　　要：[目的]研究土壤秸秆注孔对土壤含水量及作物生长的影响,为旱作农田增加雨水蓄集能力及提高水分利用效率提供理论依据。[方法]开展玉米—小麦轮作田间试验,设置常规种植(CK)、土壤秸秆注孔2孔/m^(2)(T_(1)),4孔/m^(2)(T_(2)),8孔/m^(2)(T_(3))4个处理。[结果]秸秆注孔所有处理均提高了整个试验期表层土壤含水量。T_(2),T_(3)处理提高了收获期深层土壤含水量,试验结束时两者底层土壤(60—80cm)含水量较CK分别提高了29.19%和28.18%。秸秆注孔处理提高了作物株高、经济产量和生物量,以及降水利用效率和水分利用效率,T_(2),T_(3)处理的提高效果最明显,且彼此差异不显著。[结论]秸秆注孔具有保水性能和增产能力,根据成本和效果综合考虑,推荐秸秆注孔4孔/m^(2)(T_(2))作为优选处理。[Objective]The effects of soil straw hole injection on soil moisture content and crop growth were studied to provide a theoretical basis for increasing rainwater storage capacity and improving water use efficiency in dry farmland.[Methods]A field trial of a maize-wheat rotation was carried out,with four treatments including conventional tillage(CK),and soil straw hole injection of 2 holes/m^(2)(T_(1)),4 holes/m^(2)(T_(2)),and 8 holes/m^(2)(T_(3)).[Results]All three hole injection treatments increased the surface soil moisture during the entire experimental period.The T_(2)and T_(3)treatments increased the deep soil moisture content at harvest time,and the moisture content in the 60-80 cm soil layer increased 29.19%and 28.18%,respectively,compared with CK at the end of the experiment.Soil straw hole injection treatments increased plant height,yield,biomass,precipitation use efficiency,and water use efficiency.The T_(2)and T_(3)treatments had the most obvious effect on soil moisture and crop growth,with no significant difference between them.[Conclusion]Water retention and yield were increased by soil straw hole injection treatments.Considering the cost and effects,soil straw hole injection of 4 holes/m^(2)(T_(2))is recommended.

关 键 词：土壤秸秆注孔 土壤含水量 玉米—小麦轮作 水分利用效率 

分 类 号：S152.7[农业科学—土壤学]