巨峰葡萄9种元素缺素症的研究  

Study of 9 Kinds of Nutrient Deficiencies on Kyoho Grape

作　　者：方啸宇 徐文清 刘文 李少楠 李文涛 陆爱华 房经贵[1] FANG Xiaoyu;XU Wenqing;LIU Wen;LI Shaonan;LI Wentao;LU Aihua;FANG Jinggui(College of Horticulture,Nanjing Agricultural University/Fruit Crop Genetic Improvement and Seedling Propagation Engineering Center of Jiangsu Province,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210095;Agricultural Technology Promotion Station of Jiangsu Agricultural and Rural Department,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210036;Institute of Agricultural Sciences in the Coastal Area of Jiangsu,Yancheng,Jiangsu 224000)

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学园艺学院/江苏省果树品种改良与种苗繁育工程中心,江苏南京210095 [2]江苏农业农村厅农技推广站,江苏南京210036 [3]江苏沿海地区农业科学研究所,江苏盐城224000

出　　处：《核农学报》2024年第6期1196-1204,共9页Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：江苏省高等学校优势学科项目(PAPD);江苏现代农业产业技术体系建设项目(JATS[2022]457)。

摘　　要：为减少缺素障碍对巨峰葡萄(Vitis vinifera×Vitis labrusca)在生产栽培中的不利影响,本试验以1年生巨峰葡萄扦插苗为材料,采用大棚内珍珠岩盆栽方式,设置改良霍格兰完全营养液(CK)和缺素(-N、-P、-K、-Ca、-Mg、-Fe、-B、-Zn、-Cu)营养液培养处理,分析各处理条件下植株的表观差异与生长生理指标。结果表明,缺N、Ca、Mg和Zn时,巨峰较其他缺素处理优先表现症状,且缺Zn植株抗性弱,症状发生剧烈、死亡率高。巨峰缺N和缺P时老叶叶脉均变黄,黄化面积逐渐向周围叶肉扩散。缺K和缺Mg时,老叶叶肉呈条块状黄化,叶脉仍为绿色;缺Ca和缺Cu时,新叶叶肉褪绿,叶脉仍呈绿色。缺Fe、缺Zn、缺Cu老叶多呈“花叶”状,常见枯斑、灼叶。生长生理方面,与CK相比,缺N和缺Zn胁迫显著降低了巨峰株高;缺素胁迫总体显著降低了巨峰叶片叶绿素含量,但对叶形影响较小。葡萄遭受缺素胁迫时,丙二醛(MDA)含量和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)活性整体随处理时间的延长呈先升高后降低趋势。总体而言,巨峰对Zn元素的缺乏较敏感、耐性弱,对P元素的缺乏耐性较强。本研究结果为葡萄缺素营养诊断及指导田间施肥提供了参考依据。In order to reduce the adverse effects of nutrient deficiency disorders on the production and cultivation of Kyoho grape(Vitis vinifera×Vitis labrusca),this experiment was aimed to compare the difference of phenotype and physiological indicators among different nutrient deficiency treatments(-N、-P、-K、-Ca、-Mg、-Fe、-B、-Zn、-Cu).One-year-old Kyoho cutting seedling cultured in Hoagland nutrient solution and nutrient-deficient nutrient solution were used as materials.The results indicated that Kyoho seedling express the symptoms earlier under the-N,-Ca,-Mg and-Zn treatment.The plants had week resistance,severe symptoms and higher mortality under-Zn treatment.When the plants were deficient in N and P,the veins of old leaves turned yellow,and the yellowing area gradually spread to the surrounding mesophyll.The mesophyll of old leaves turned yellow when K and Mg were deficient,whereas the mesophyll of new leaves became chlorotic when Ca and Cu were deficient.The veins were still green when K,Mg,Ca and Cu were deficient.Old leaves were mostly in the shape of‘mosaic leaves’,and dead spots and scorched leaves were common when Fe,Zn and Cu were deficient.The plant growth was significantly inhibited by nutrient deficiency,especially N and Zn deficient.The chlorophyll content was significantly reduced by nutrient deficiency,but had little effect on leaf shape.MDA content and APX activity showed an overall trend of increasing and then decreasing when nutrient deficient happen.In general,Kyoho was more sensitive and less tolerant to Zn deficient,and more tolerant to P deficient.This experiment provides a reference for early nutritional diagnosis and guidance of field fertilization by observing the apparent differences in nutrient deficiency and growth indicators such as plant height and chlorophyll content in grape.The results of this study provide reference for early nutrition diagnosis and fertilization guidance in the field.

关 键 词：巨峰葡萄 营养液培养 营养元素 表观差异 生长生理指标 

分 类 号：S436.631.11[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]