规范与监督:监察机关非罪化处置职务犯罪案件的法治之路  

Paradigm and Supervision:Legal Management of Supervisory Bodies in Decriminalizing Duty Crimes

作　　者：卫跃宁[1] 熊馥琳 WEI Yuening;XIONG Fulin(School of Criminal Justice,China University of Political Science and Law,Beijing 100088,Beijing,China)

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学刑事司法学院,北京100088

出　　处：《廉政文化研究》2024年第1期57-69,共13页Anti-corruption and Integrity Culture Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(23BFX126)。

摘　　要：对监察机关非罪化处置职务犯罪案件的行为进行深入分析,发现其中蕴含着历史、理论与实践三重逻辑,既是中国共产党“惩前毖后、治病救人”历史经验的传承,也是监察机关处置权应有之义的体现,还是监察机关实践工作范式的运用。不过,监察机关这一行为在当前仍然面临着困境,包括在对职务犯罪进行非罪化处置时合法性上所带来的疑问、容易对司法权产生威胁以及容易造成监察权行使的恣意性等。究其原因,主要是目前在观念上对党纪政务处分与刑事处罚的理解存在偏差、在规范上对职务犯罪案件进行非罪化处置的标准不明以及在制度上缺乏对监察机关这一行为的有效监督制约机制,最终造成了现实的“困局”。为此,必须系统而正确地认识党纪政务处分与刑事处罚之间的关系、明确监察机关非罪化处置职务犯罪案件的标准、建立健全监察机关非罪化处置职务犯罪案件的监督制约机制,以更好地实现监察体制改革所预期的目标。An in-depth analysis of the behavior of the supervision organs in dealing with duty crimes by decriminalization can yield the discovery that a triple logic of history,theory and practice is contained in the process,which is not only the inheritance of the historical experience of the Chinese Communist Party in"learning from past mistakes to avoid future ones,curing diseases to save people",but also the embodiment of the meaning of the supervision organs exercising their power,and the application of the work paradigm of the supervision organs in practice as well.However,some dilemmas cannot be avoided,which include doubts about the legitimacy of decriminalizing job-related crimes,threats to judicial power,and arbitrariness in the exercise of supervisory power.The root cause lies in misunderstanding the concept of Party discipline and criminal punishment,in the vague norms in job crime decriminalization as well as in lacking the system for effective supervision and control mechanism on monitor-ing organs,ultimately resulting in the reality of the"quagmire".For this reason,it is necessary to understand the relationship sys-tematically and correctly between Party disciplinary and administrative sanctions and criminal penalties,to clarify the criteria for the supervision authorities in decriminalizing job-related crimes,and to establish and improve the supervision and control mecha-nism for the supervision authorities so that the goals of the reform of the supervision system can be materialized.

关 键 词：监察机关 非罪化处置 职务犯罪 党纪政务处分 

分 类 号：D922.11[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]