我国深部冲击地压防控工程技术难题及发展方向  

Technical difficulties and emerging development directions of deep rock burst prevention in China

作　　者：潘俊锋 夏永学 王书文 马文涛 张晨阳 王冰 PAN Junfeng;XIA Yongxue;WANG Shuwen;MA Wentao;ZHANG Chenyang;WANG Bing(CCTEG Coal Mining Research Institute,Beijing 100013,China;China National Coal Group Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100120,China;National Key Laboratory for Coal Mine Disaster Prevention and Control,Chongqing 400000,China;Shaanxi Binchang Mining Group Co.,Ltd.,Xianyang 711300,China)

机构地区：[1]中煤科工开采研究院有限公司,北京100013 [2]中国中煤能源集团有限公司,北京100120 [3]煤矿灾害防控全国重点实验室,重庆400000 [4]陕西彬长矿业集团有限公司,陕西咸阳711300

出　　处：《煤炭学报》2024年第3期1291-1302,共12页Journal of China Coal Society

基　　金：国家重点研发计划资助项目(2022YFC3004604);国家自然科学基金资助项目(52174186);国家高层次人才计划资助项目(020403050009)。

摘　　要：随着煤矿开采深度不断加大,我国深部冲击地压发生及其防治变得常态化,为了提高深部冲击地压防控技术成效,从深部冲击地压防控现场工程技术难题出发,结合灾害防治工程实践数据统计,分析了我国深部冲击地压防控因自身地质赋存地应力高,人为开采扰动范围大,灾害防治过程围岩卸压后应力恢复快,冲击地压防治成效低下原因归结于防冲卸压工程实施与浅部开采相比,面临“三高一低”防控技术新要求,包括高强度的大尺寸钻孔卸压,以解决厚硬煤层不容易塌孔问题;小间距高密度施工钻孔,以解决钻孔卸压范围不联通问题;多轮反复高频度施工,以解决深部煤层卸压后应力恢复快问题;采掘工作面进尺低速度推进,以解决开采扰动强度大问题。针对深部冲击地压“三高一低”防控新要求模式,为了进一步提高冲击地压防控安全可靠性,以常规源头防控冲击地压采用优化开拓开采部署的局限性为背景,提出了深部冲击地压上覆岩层结构与载荷主动调控区域防控冲击地压技术,并提出了进一步需要解决的科学问题;以近年来几起典型的冲击地压事故存在防治方案“漏靶”问题为背景,开发了深部冲击地压采掘空间局部靶向防控技术,并指出了下一步还需要解决的科学难题;以煤矿冲击地压防治措施实施后,难以评判安全性问题为背景,提出了深部冲击地压防治卸压达标评判技术,并指出了下一步还需要解决的科学难题;以煤炭行业大力推广开采智能化,治灾仍需靠人工,人员处于高危环境作业问题,探索了深部冲击地压防治过程智慧智能化新兴研究方向及其面临的科学难题。最后,客观的指出,冲击地压防控绝不纯粹是理论与技术问题,人类对专业问题的认知也是酿成事故的重要原因之一,结合现场工程实践,讨论了冲击地压概念、冲击地压机理是否清楚、冲击地压能�With the continuous increase of coal mining depth,the occurrence and prevention of deep rockburst in China have become normalized.In order to improve the effectiveness of deep rockburst prevention and control technology,starting from the technical difficulties of deep rockburst prevention and control in on-site engineering,combined with practical data statistics of disaster prevention and control engineering,this study demonstrates that the deep rockburst in China is due to its high geological stress and large range of human mining disturbance.The stress recovery of surrounding rock is fast after rock stress unloading during the disaster prevention and control process.The low effectiveness of rockburst prevention and control can be attributed to the new requirements of“three highs and one low”prevention and control technology in deep mining compared to that in shallow mining,including high-strength large-sized drilling to relieve pressure,in order to solve the collapse prone problem of thick and hard coal seams;small spacing high-density drilling to solve the problem of disconnected pressure relief range in drilling;multiple rounds of repeated high-frequency construction to solve the problem of rapid stress recovery after unloading pressure in deep coal seams;and the mining face is advancing at a low speed to solve the problem of high mining disturbance intensity.In response to the new requirements of“three highs and one low”prevention and control mode for deep rockburst,in order to further improve the safety and reliability of rockburst prevention and control,and based on the limitations of optimizing development and mining deployment for conventional source rockburst prevention and control,this paper proposes the technology of actively regulating the structure and load of overlying rock layers in the deep rockburst prevention and control areas,and presents some further scientific problems that need to be solved.Against the background of several typical rockburst accidents in recent years with the proble

关 键 词：冲击地压 深部开采 “三高一低” 源头防控 靶向防控 卸压达标 智能防冲 

分 类 号：TD324[矿业工程—矿井建设]