近40年来中国湖泊叶绿素a浓度的时空分异特征分析  

TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL DIFFERENTIATION CHARACTERISTICS OF CHLOROPHYLL A CONCENTRATION IN CHINESE LAKES IN RECENT 40 YEARS

作　　者：武昭鑫 孔祥生 徐兆鹏 曾健 刘鑫 WU Zhao-Xin;KONG Xiang-Sheng;XU Zhao-Peng;ZENG Jian;LIU Xin(College of Resources and Environmental Engineering,Ludong University,Yantai 264025,China;China Centre for Resources Satellite Data and Application,Beijing 100094,China;Beijing Information Science&Technology University,Beijing 100094,China)

机构地区：[1]鲁东大学资源与环境工程学院,山东烟台264025 [2]中国资源卫星应用中心,北京100094 [3]北京信息科技大学,北京100094

出　　处：《海洋与湖沼》2024年第2期347-362,共16页Oceanologia Et Limnologia Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目,2019YFE0127300号;北京市自然基金青年项目,4224094号。

摘　　要：随着经济社会快速发展,中国湖泊表现出不同程度的富营养化,湖泊生态正面临着严峻挑战。叶绿素a是评价水体营养状态的重要指标,可以反映湖泊中浮游植物生物量情况。基于Landsat系列数据集,对1986~2022年间中国范围内面积在10 km^(2)以上湖泊叶绿素a浓度分布状况进行研究,并对各区域叶绿素a浓度演变趋势进行分析,结果表明:(1)中国湖泊叶绿素a浓度存在地域性空间分布差异。叶绿素a浓度分布整体呈现东南高,西北低的态势,大约69%的湖泊处于轻富营养化程度,中富营养化状态约占17%。以35°N和100°E为分界线,各区域叶绿素a浓度随经纬度呈现出一定的变化规律。(2)近40年间中国湖泊叶绿素a浓度年均值处于缓慢波动上升趋势,时间序列呈现先降低后升高,再降低的变化状态。所有湖泊叶绿素a浓度显著上升的数量占比约为30%,显著下降的占比约为24.8%,变化不显著的约占45.2%。整体变化较为稳定,变异系数处于中等波动水平以下,波动较大的区域位于青藏高原,东北地区和长江中下游的部分地区。(3)各流域内湖泊叶绿素a浓度时空分异特征表现为:空间分布上,内陆流域和西南流域普遍较低,珠江流域和东南流域较高。时间变化上,除了西南流域和内陆流域的湖泊叶绿素a浓度呈现下降趋势外,其他流域均为上升趋势。中国湖泊叶绿素a浓度呈现出明显的地域性差异和时间变化趋势,这主要归因于地区气候、水文条件、土地利用以及人类活动变化等因素。受温暖湿润气候和较强人类活动的影响,东南部地区的湖泊叶绿素a浓度相对较高。西北部地区气温偏低,降水较少,湖泊叶绿素a浓度普遍较低。近40年的时间尺度上,受城市化、工业化快速发展和全球气候变化的共同影响,中国整体湖泊叶绿素a浓度呈缓慢上升趋势。With the rapid development of economy and society,Chinese lakes show different degrees of eutrophication,and the lake ecology is facing severe challenges.Chlorophyll a is an important indicator for evaluating the nutritional status of water bodies,and it reflects the amount of phytoplankton in lakes.Based on the Landsat dataset,the distribution of chlorophyll a concentration in lakes with an area of over 10 km^(2) in China from 1986 to 2022 was investigated,and the trend of chlorophyll a concentration evolution in various regions was analyzed.Results show that first,there are regional spatial distribution differences in the concentration of chlorophyll a in Chinese lakes.The overall distribution of chlorophyll a concentration is high in the southeast and low in the northwest.About 69%of the lakes are in the light eutrophication state,and about 17%are in the middle eutrophication state.Using 35°N and 100°E as the dividing line,the concentration of chlorophyll a in each region showed a certain variation with latitude and longitude.Secondly,in the past 40 years,the annual average chlorophyll a concentration of Chinese lakes has been in a slowly fluctuating upward trend,and the time series showed a variation pattern of first decreasing,then increasing,and then decreasing.Among all the lakes,30%of the lakes showed a significant increase in chlorophyll a concentration,24.8%showed a significant decrease,and 45.2%showed no significant change.The overall change is relatively stable,and the coefficient of variation is below the medium fluctuation level.The areas with large fluctuations are located in the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau,the Northeast China,and some lakes in the middle and lower reaches of the Changjiang(Yangtze)River.Thirdly,the spatio-temporal variation of chlorophyll a concentration in each watershed is as follows:in terms of spatial distribution,the inland basin and southwest basin are generally low,while the Zhujiang(Pearl)River basin and those in Southeast China are high.In terms of temporal variation,except

关 键 词：中国湖泊 遥感 叶绿素A 时空分异 

分 类 号：P2[天文地球—测绘科学与技术]