基于计量统计的“辞”与“词”异同辨析  

The Similarities and Differences Between“Ci(辞)”and“Ci(词)”Based on Quantitative Statistics

作　　者：周璟雯 田宇贺[1] ZHOU Jingwen;TIAN Yuhe(School of Literature Nantong University,Nantong 226019,China)

机构地区：[1]南通大学文学院,江苏南通226019

出　　处：《商丘职业技术学院学报》2024年第2期29-36,共8页JOURNAL OF SHANGQIU POLYTECHNIC

基　　金：2020年度教育部人文社科规划基金项目“析义元语言理论与《现代汉语词典》元语言研究”(2020YJA740038)。

摘　　要：“辞”和“词”属于同音、异源字,字义有同有异,由“辞”与“词”组成的同音词也有进一步辨析的必要。采用计量统计方式,选取8组同音词,考察其在《现代汉语词典》第7版中的收录与释义情况,统计其在CCL、BBC等四大语料库中的词频。在此基础上,将8组同音词分为四类,辨析其中的异同。同音等义异形词的词频是《现代汉语词典》推荐词形选用的主要依据,如“辞令”占比(80.46%)明显优于“词令”(19.54%),“辞令”作为推荐词形;同音近义异形词“辞典”和“词典”在指称工具书时各有侧重,前者可用于统称各类工具书,后者则多指其下语言文字小类;同音异义异形词“辞书”和“词书”语义分工明确,在大型词典中或可考虑分别出条;同音异体词“辞汇”在流传过程中的社会效应消失,应作别字处理。“Ci(辞)”and“Ci(词)”have the same pronunciation and different etymology,and there are similarities and differences in their meanings,thus there is a need to further analyze the homophones composed of“Ci(辞)”and“Ci(词)”.Using the quantitative statistics method,this paper selects eight groups of homophones to investigate their inclusion and interpretation in the 7th edition of Modern Chinese Dictionary,and to calculate the word frequency of these homophones in the four major corpora such as CCL,and BBC.On this basis,the eight groups of homophones are divided into four categories to distinguish the similarities and differences.The frequency of homophonic synonyms is the main basis for the recommended form selection in the Modern Chinese Dictionary.For example,the proportion of“rhetoric(辞令)”(80.46%)is significantly better than that of“rhetoric(词令)”(19.54%),so“rhetoric(辞令)”is selected as the recommended form.Homophonic near-synonym,such as“dictionary(辞典)”and“dictionary(词典)”have their own emphasis when referring to reference books.The former can be used to collectively refer to various reference books,while the latter mostly refers to the language reference books.Homophone,such as“dictionary(辞书)”and“dictionary/Song Poems(词书)”have clear semantic difference,and might be listed separately in large dictionaries.Homophonic synonymous variant like“vocabulary(辞汇)”has lost its social effect in the process of circulation,and should be treated as a wrongly written character.

关 键 词：辞 词 异同 计量统计 

分 类 号：H164[语言文字—汉语]