流苏树花粉活力、柱头可授性和不同属间的远缘杂交初探  

Preliminary study on pollen vitality,stigma receptivity and distant hybridization between different genera of Chionanthus retusus

作　　者：刘翠双 李际红 牛牧歌 孙茂桐 刘源 刘来硕 郭历阳 王锦楠 Liu Cuishuang;Li Jihong;Niu Muge;Sun Maotong;Liu Yuan;Liu Laishuo;Guo Liyang;Wang Jinnan(Mountain Tai Forest Ecosystem Research Station of National Positioning Observation,Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Silviculture of the Lower Reaches of Yellow River,College of Forestry,Shandong Agricultural University,Taian 271018,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学林学院,山东泰山森林生态系统国家定位观测研究站,黄河下游森林培育国家林业和草原局重点实验室,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《北京林业大学学报》2024年第4期14-27,共14页Journal of Beijing Forestry University

基　　金：山东省重点研发计划“重大科技创新工程”项目(2021 LZGC 023);山东省农业科技资金“林业科技创新”(2019 LY 001)。

摘　　要：【目的】探讨流苏树全雄花和两性花的花粉活力、柱头可授性的变化、有效授粉期和不同属间的远缘杂交,为改良流苏树花色和杂交育种提供依据。【方法】采用花粉离体培养法对流苏树、连翘和丁香进行花粉活力测定;利用联苯胺–过氧化氢法检测流苏树两性花柱头可授性;以流苏树‘雪早花’为母本,丁香、连翘为父本,利用蒙导法授粉,开展属间杂交研究;授粉后,通过荧光显微镜分别观察2个杂交组合与2个对照组合花粉管的伸长生长情况,并对果实的表型和杂种胚进行观察;授粉70 d后胚开始固化时,进行杂种苗的培育。【结果】(1)流苏树全雄花和两性花的花粉活力差异显著,全雄花花粉活力(55.91%)显著高于两性花花粉活力(42.94%)。(2)新鲜连翘花花粉活力为65.72%,-20℃条件下贮藏28 d花粉活力为12.78%;新鲜丁香花花粉活力为66.21%,-20℃条件下贮藏15 d花粉活力为26.35%。(3)流苏树柱头可授性在不同花发育时期呈现:盛花期>始花期>末花期>花蕾期,最佳授粉时间为盛花期。(4)授粉后对花粉管的伸长进行荧光观察发现,蒙导授粉后2个杂交组合花粉管均能伸入胚珠完成授精。(5)2种杂交组合授粉37 d后胚开始形成,70 d后开始固化,胚结构快速生长,120 d果实发育成熟,最终获得蒙导丁香杂交组合的种子121粒,蒙导连翘杂交组合的种子63粒。(6)授粉70 d后,选用每个杂交组合固化的60个杂种胚进行无菌苗培育,获得蒙导丁香杂交组合的杂种苗18株,连翘杂交组合的杂种苗14株。【结论】流苏树的全雄花花粉活力明显高于两性花;-20℃条件下能够较长时间地贮存连翘和丁香的花粉,保证流苏树花期授粉的需求;流苏树柱头可授性在盛花期最强,此时进行蒙导法授粉,可有效保证远缘杂交的顺利实施,并为获得不同花色流苏树新品种奠定基础。[Objective]This paper aims to explore the pollen viability,stigma receptivity,effective pollination period,and interspecific distant hybridization between the male and hermaphroditic flowers of Chionanthus retusus and provide a foundation for improving flower color and hybrid breeding of Chionanthus retusus.[Method]The pollen viability of Chionanthus retusus,Forsythia suspensa and Syringa oblata was determined by pollen in vitro culture method.The stigma receptivity of hermaphroditic flowers of Chionanthus retusus was detected by benzidine-hydrogen peroxide method.Using Chionanthus retusus‘Xuezaohua’as the female parent and Forsythia suspensa and Syringa oblata as the male parent,intergeneric hybridization research was carried out by mento pollen pollination method.After pollination,we observed the elongation and growth of pollen tubes in two hybrid combinations and two control combinations using the benzidine blue fluorescence microscopy,as well as examined the characteristics of the resulting fruits and hybrid embryos.After 70 d of pollination,when the embryo began to solidify,hybrid seedlings were cultivated.[Result](1)There was a significant difference in pollen viability between the male flower and hermaphrodite flower.The pollen viability of the male flower(55.91%)was significantly higher than that of the hermaphrodite flower(42.94%).(2)The pollen vitality of fresh Forsythia suspensa pollen vitality was 65.72%,and the pollen viability of Forsythia suspensa stored for 28 d at−20℃was 12.78%.The pollen viability of fresh Syringa oblata pollen vitality was 66.21%,and the pollen viability of Syringa oblata stored for 15 d at−20℃was 26.35%.(3)The stigma receptivity of Chionanthus retusus presented in different flower development stages:full flowering stage>initial flowering stage>final flowering stage>bud stage,and the best pollination time was full flowering stage.(4)Fluorescence observation of pollen tube elongation after mento pollen pollination revealed that the pollen tubes of both hybrid combina

关 键 词：流苏树 蒙导法授粉 花粉活力 柱头可授性 远缘杂交 

分 类 号：S792.99[农业科学—林木遗传育种] S685.99[农业科学—林学]