多重压力下青海湖国家公园内牧户生计脆弱性评价  

Livelihood Vulnerability of Herdsmen in Qinghai Lake National Park under Multiple Pressures

作　　者：仲俊涛 马勇洁 米文宝[3] 石建丽 蒋鑫 ZHONG Juntao;MA Yongjie;MI Wenbao;SHI Jianli;JIANG Xin(College of Geomatics,Xi’an University of Science and Technology,Xi'an 710054,Shaanxi,China;School of Geographic Science,Qinghai Normal University,Xining 810008,Qinghai,China;School of Geography and Planning,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,Ningxia,China)

机构地区：[1]西安科技大学测绘科学与技术学院,陕西西安710054 [2]青海师范大学地理科学学院,青海西宁810008 [3]宁夏大学地理科学与规划学院,宁夏银川750021

出　　处：《经济地理》2024年第3期169-177,217,共10页Economic Geography

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42001263);青海省自然科学基金项目(2022-ZJ-906)。

摘　　要：文章以青海湖国家公园为例,运用参与式农村评估法(PRA)进行生计普查,基于调整的VSD框架构建多重压力下牧户生计脆弱性评估分析框架,从“敏感性、适应性”2个维度选取体现青海湖国家公园牧户生计脆弱性的变量,测算不同生态功能分区牧户生计脆弱性,并应用障碍度模型识别生计脆弱性形成的主要因子。结果表明:(1)自然灾害、草/耕地退化、衣食住行、退牧还草是对青海湖国家公园牧户生计安全影响最剧烈的生计压力。(2)核心保护区牧户生计敏感性强,适应能力弱,生计脆弱性高;一般控制区牧户生计敏感性弱,适应能力强,生计脆弱性低。(3)不同区域牧户生计脆弱性在各维度的主要促成因子具有高度趋同性,食品自给度、湖水上涨、旅游市场萎缩、固定资产、牲畜数量、草地面积和家庭收入等分别从不同维度促进了生计脆弱性的形成。Taking Qinghai Lake National Park as the research area,the article uses the participatory rural appraisal(PRA)to conduct livelihood surveys,based on the adjusted VSD framework,it assesses the livelihood vulnerability of herdsmen under multiple pressures,selects variables reflecting the livelihood vulnerability of herdsmen in Qinghai Lake National Park from the dimensions of sensitivity and adaptability,and calculates the livelihood vulnerability of herdsmen in different ecological functional zones.It uses obstacle degree models to identify the main factors that contribute to the formation of livelihood vulnerability.The results indicate that:1) Natural disasters,grass/cultivated land degradation,foodclothing-housing-transportation,and returning grazing to grassland are the most severe livelihood pressures affecting the livelihood security of herdsmen in Qinghai Lake National Park.2) Herders in the core protected areas have strong livelihood sensitivity,weak adaptability and high livelihood vulnerability.The livelihood sensitivity of herdsmen is weak in the general control areas,the adaptability is strong,and the livelihood vulnerability is low.3) The main contributing factors of livelihood vulnerability of herders in different regions are highly similar in each dimension.Food selfsufficiency,rising lake water,shrinking tourism market,fixed assets,number of livestock,grassland area and household income contribute to the formation of livelihood vulnerability from different dimensions.

关 键 词：牧户生计脆弱性 多重压力 参与式农村评估方法(PRA) 青海湖国家公园 

分 类 号：K901.2[历史地理—人文地理学]