突发事件下高铁站应急疏散多目标优化模型与自适应量子蚁群算法  

Multi-objective Optimization Model and Adaptive Quantum Ant Colony Algorithm for Emergency Evacuation of High-speed Railway Stations under Emergencies

作　　者：王付宇[1,3] 谢昊轩 林钟高 王骏 Wang Fuyu;Xie Haoxuan;Lin Zhonggao;Wang Jun(School of Management Science and Engineering,Anhui University of Technology,Maanshan 243032,China;School of Business,Anhui University of Technology,Maanshan 243032,China;Key Laboratory of Multidisciplinary Management and Control of Complex Systems of Anhui Higher Education Institutes,Anhui University of Technology,Maanshan 243002,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽工业大学管理科学与工程学院,安徽马鞍山243032 [2]安徽工业大学商学院,安徽马鞍山243032 [3]安徽工业大学复杂系统多学科管理与控制安徽普通高校重点实验室,安徽马鞍山243002

出　　处：《中国管理科学》2024年第3期188-197,共10页Chinese Journal of Management Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(71872002);安徽省高校人文社会科学研究重大项目(SK2020ZD16);教育部人文社会科学基金项目(19YJCZH091)。

摘　　要：突发事件下公共场所人员的应急疏散问题是目前国内外研究的热点,其中高铁站应急情境下的人员疏散及路径优化也随着高铁的快速发展逐渐引起了人们的重视。本文考虑拥挤度会对疏散人员心理行为及疏散效率产生影响,以高铁站人员应急疏散过程中的拥挤度与总疏散时间为目标,建立了高铁站应急疏散路径多目标优化数学模型,设计了一种改进的自适应量子蚁群算法进行求解,并与常规算法求解结果做了对比分析。通过算例进行模拟实验,结果表明,所提出的模型较好地兼顾了疏散路径的安全性与时效性,且设计的算法具有良好的全局性和收敛性,有助于进一步完善我国高速铁路客运运作管理体系。The high-speed rail station,as a connection point for traffic inside and outside the city,has greatly promoted the economic development of the surrounding areas.It is a comprehensive transportation hub integrat⁃ing transportation,transfer and service.In the event of an emergency,it is difficult to evacuate the huge pas⁃senger flow in a short period of time,and it is easy to cause casualties.Therefore,it is necessary to study how to organize efficient and orderly emergency evacuation activities in a limited time,optimize the evacuation path of people in high-speed railway stations,and reduce casualties and property losses caused by emergencies.The first part of this paper reviews the relevant literature on the evacuation process under emergencies,and finds that there are still some shortcomings in the existing research.First,in terms of model construction,the existing research usually adopts the general evacuation model of large public places,which does not reflect the characteristics of the evacuation problem of high-speed rail.Secondly,in the method of solving the objective problem,some existing algorithms are difficult to obtain effective and stable results when solving nonlinear programming models with multiple optimization objectives and multiple constraints.The second part introduces the characteristics of the evacuation problem of high-speed railway stations and the characteristic factors that need to be considered when modeling.According to the structural characteristics of the high-speed railway sta⁃tion,a multi-objective optimization model for the evacuation path of people in the high-speed railway station is established.The optimization goal of the model is to reduce the total evacuation time of all evacuees’as much as possible,balance the load of the entire evacuation network,and calculate a feasible evacuation path that can evacuate people on time under the condition of ensuring safety.In the third part,an improved quantum ant colony algorithm is designed based on the methods of increasing the

关 键 词：高铁站 拥挤度 应急疏散 多目标优化 量子蚁群算法 

分 类 号：F224.32[经济管理—国民经济]