基于NK模型的团体标准质量提升策略研究  

Research on Quality Improvement Strategy of Group Standards Based on NK Model

作　　者：郑素丽 王鹤谖 于艳娜 Zheng Suli;Wang Hexuan;Yu Yanna(College of Economics and Management,China Jiliang University,Hangzhou 310018,China)

机构地区：[1]中国计量大学经济与管理学院,浙江杭州310018

出　　处：《中国管理科学》2024年第3期313-323,共11页Chinese Journal of Management Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目(21BGL004)。

摘　　要：随着标准化改革的持续推进和新标准化法的实施,近几年我国团体标准呈现蓬勃发展态势,但标准质量不高已成为困扰团体标准发展的一个关键问题。本文从团体标准制定主体视角出发,基于NK模型将团体标准制定过程建模为在某个技术领域中多主体共同寻找可行方案的搜索、进化和协同过程,通过仿真手段研究了参与标准制定的主体数量、标准本身的复杂度特性以及团体标准组织的协调水平对标准质量的影响。研究结果表明:增加参与标准制定的主体数量可以改善技术短视现象,主体数量与技术复杂度适配可实现标准质量提升。标准的技术复杂度提高会导致次优标准产生,其中技术要素数量增加对标准质量影响较小,而要素依赖程度增加会显著降低标准质量。团体标准组织的协调能力对标准质量存在正负两种截然不同的影响,需要根据技术特征选择相应的协调强度。基于仿真分析结果,提出提升市场主体参与度、加大关键技术领域标准研制力度和优化团体标准协调等标准质量提升策略。本研究拓展了团体标准研究的理论视角和研究方法,为有效提升团体标准质量提供了理论支持。With the continuous advancement of standardization reform and the implementation of the new standardization law,Chinese group standards have shown a vigorous development trend in recent years.But the low quality of standards has become a key problem that plagues the development of group standards.In this paper,from the perspective of group standard development subject,four different complexity situations can be distinguished based on the number of components and dependency of the developed standard,which are simple,slightly complex,more complex and complex situations.Based on the NK model,the process of standard development in modeled as a search,evolution and collaboration process of multiple actors in a technical field to find feasible solutions.The impact of the number of actors involved in standard development,the complexity of the standard itself and the coordination level of the group standard organization on the quality of the standard is studied under these four scenarios by means of simulation.It is assumed that there are M subjects involved in standard development and coordination activities in this process,and the standard development process can be modeled as a collaborative adaptive search process conducted by M subjects around a common technical problem,with the search aiming to seek the optimal technical solution in the technical landscape,thus forming a group standard.They can either improve performance by developing innovations in their own technology,i.e.,improve the performance of their own technical solutions,or switch to technical solutions with better results proposed by other participating subjects in the group organization.For the former strategy,due to limited rationality and technological path dependence,the evolution of firms'own technological landscape position is mainly achieved by means of local search.For the latter strategy,it is considered that at each stage each subject tries to imitate with probability d=(1-A0/Amax),where A0 is the magnitude of attractiveness of the selected sub

关 键 词：NK模型 团体标准 质量提升 本地搜索 

分 类 号：F204[经济管理—国民经济]